隨機產量與供應阻斷的風險下之最佳雙重採購策略

在一個龐大的產業供應鏈中，每個細節彼此之間都可能存在各種問題和風險，為了避免利益上的損失以及成本的增加，管理者勢必要找出因應的對策。而本研究所探討的是關於供應商與零售商之間的供應風險問題。　　本研究的主題是針對一個零售商如何在兩個供應商之間做出有效的採購決策，主要供應商所提供低廉的價格，反映在原物料或產品的供應表現上具有較低的可靠度，使得供應量會呈現高低起伏的不穩定現象，甚至發生阻斷的可能。另外一個稱作備份或應急的供應商則擁有近乎完美的供應可靠度，反映在價格上則相對昂貴。本研究在主要供應商之供應量不穩定的情況下，針對「設置成本」與「產量標準差」進行資本投資，當發生阻斷時並不會立刻啟用備份供應商，在等待時間上限內若主要供應商未能從阻斷中及時恢復，這時才會動用到具有較高供應可靠度的備份供應商。在雙重採購模式中推導並列出所有相關的成本項目，使得最後的總成本最小化。

關鍵字

供應鏈風險；供應阻斷；產量變異；採購策略

並列摘要

In a huge industry supply chain, there are a variety of problems and risks around. In order to avoid the loss of interests and the increased costs, managers must find the corresponding strategies. And this study is to explore the issues of supply risks between suppliers and retailers. 　　The theme of this study is about how a retailer making effective sourcing decisions between two suppliers. The primary supplier offers lower prices, but with lower reliability in the supply of raw materials or products, that makes the supplies uncertain, and even with disruptions. The other supplier is called the backup or emergency supplier which holds near-perfect supply reliability, but its price is relatively expensive. For the unstable supply of the primary supplier, this study make capital investments for “setup costs” and “standard deviation of yields” . When the supply disruption occurs, the retailer would not use the backup supplier immediately. If the primary supplier cannot recover from the disruptions in the duration of waiting time, the retailer will use the backup supplier which has higher supply reliability. In this dual sourcing model, this study developed and listed all relevant cost items and minimizing the final total cost.

並列關鍵字

supply chain disruptions ； supply chain risks ； yields variability ； sourcing strategy

參考文獻

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隨機產量與供應阻斷的風險下之最佳雙重採購策略

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