直接與間接照明佈光形式對空間主觀評價的影響

Effects of Direct and Indirect Lighting on Subjective Evaluation

陳勇偈(YUNG-CHIEH CHEN)

指導教授 ： 謝明燁

中原大學/設計學院/建築研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/CYCU.2013.00161

摘要

光，是影響環境品質的重要指標之一，其包含了自然照明和人工照明兩部分。由於現代人們待在室內的時間遠超過戶外，因此室內人工照明的影響也就愈顯重要。室內光源以不同的形式分佈於空間中，室內空間呈現的氣氛也就大不相同。因此照明在室內空間中擔任著情境傳達的重要角色。

本研究以空間光環境品質的觀點，針對國內室內空間被普遍大量採用的直接與間接照明方式，探討直接照明與間接照明對空間主觀評價的影響，並比較兩者的差異。本研究以縮尺模型轉換成室內照明影像的方式進行，並將實驗所得ＳＤ法問卷結果以變異數的統計方式，對6種照明形式進行20組主觀評價的差異探討。研究結果顯示，受測者在不同照明形式環境下的主觀評價有19組顯著的差異。表示不同的照明佈光形式確實會影響使用者對空間情境的印象評價，不同照明方式間有顯著的差異。

進一步經由交叉比對ＳＤ法問卷的結果再與6種照明方式的「均齊度」、「平均照度」、「鉛直照度」、「平均輝度」與「正面底牆平均輝度」進行相關分析。就「均齊度」而言受測者在不同照明方式的光環境下，其主觀評價(寬感)、(空間感)有顯著的差異，表示照明光環境之「均齊度」確實會影響使用者對空間夾小與寬敞的、空間較大與較小的情境印象。就整體而言，均齊度愈高對此室內空間會有較寬敞的、較大的感覺。就「平均照度」而言，不同照明方式之間主觀評價(感性) (空間感)俱有顯著的差異，表示照明光環境之「平均照度」確實會影響使用者對理性與感性的、空間較大與較小情境印象，就整體而言，「平均照度」愈低對此室內空間會有較愈感性的、空間較大感覺。就「鉛直照度」而言，不同照明方式之間各主觀評價俱無顯著的差異，表示照明環境之「鉛直照度」、確實不影響使用者對室內空間主觀評價的情境印象。就「平均輝度」、「正面底牆平均輝度」而言，在不同照明方式之間主觀評價(明亮感)俱有顯著的差異，表示照明環境之「平均輝度」、「正面底牆平均輝度」確實會影響使用者對光線昏暗的與明亮的情境印象，就整體而言，「平均輝度」、「正面底牆平均輝度」愈高對此室內空間會有光線愈明亮的感覺。

將主觀評價項目ＳＤ法問卷的結果互相交叉比對探討，發現有35組顯著的相關聯性。照明設計與室內設計者如能瞭解與應用本研究的結論，將可運用不同的照明手法強化室內設計所欲營造的空間氛圍與視覺效果，創造更貼近使用者感知的環境，營造出身心舒適的光環境品質。

關鍵字

照度 ； 平均照度 ； 評價 ； 間接照明 ； 直接照明 ； 輝度

並列摘要

Lighting, one of the important indicators of environmental quality, is consisted of natural lighting and artificial lighting. As modern people stay indoors much longer than outdoors, the impact of indoor artificial lighting has become increasingly important. Indoor lighting sources are distributed in different forms in the space, and the atmosphere of the interior space is different; hence, lighting plays an important role to convey the ambience in the indoor space.

From the perspective of spatial lighting environmental quality, regarding the widely applied direct and indirect lighting approaches for indoor space in Taiwan, this study explored the impact of direct and indirect lighting on the subjective evaluation of the space, and compared the differences of the two lighting approaches. The scale model was converted into indoor lighting images. By the variable statistics of the SD method questionnaire results of the experiments, this study discussed the differences in the subjective evaluation of 20 groups of 6 kinds of lighting methods. The results suggested that the subjective evaluation of the subjects under different lighting environments varies significantly in 19 groups. This indicates that different lighting distributions can affect the subjective evaluation of the spatial situations of the users and there are substantial differences between different lighting methods.

This study further cross-compared the SD method questionnaire results and conducted the correlation analysis of “uniformity”, “average intensity”, “vertical intensity”, “average brightness” and “average brightness of the front end wall”. Regarding “uniformity”, the subjective evaluation of subjects (width sense, and sense of space) varies significantly. This indicates that the “uniformity” of lighting environment affects the users’ situational impressions of the space and width. Overall, the indoor space of higher uniformity results in the sense of a wider and larger space. In terms of “average intensity”, the subjective evaluation of different lighting methods (sense, spatial sense) varies significantly, suggesting that the “average intensity” of the lighting environment affects the users’ rational and sensational feelings and situational impression of larger or smaller space. Overall, indoor space of lower “average intensity” is more sensational, and the space feels larger. In terms of “vertical intensity”, there is no significant difference in the subjective evaluation of different lighting methods, suggesting that the “vertical intensity” of the lighting environment does not affect the subjective impression about the indoor space. In terms of “average brightness”, “average brightness of the front end wall”, the subjective evaluation of different lighting methods (sense of brightness) varies significantly, suggesting that the “average brightness” of the lighting environment and the “average brightness of the front end wall” affect the users’ impression of the situation of dark or bright lighting environment. Overall, indoor space of higher “average brightness” and “average brightness of the front end wall” has a higher sense of brighter lighting.

By the cross-comparison of SD method questionnaire results of the subjective evaluation items, significant correlation was identified in 35 groups. If lighting and indoor designers can understand and apply the conclusions of this study, they can apply different lighting methods to enhance the desired spatial atmosphere and visual effects, in order to create an environment that is closer to the user perception and build a physically and mentally comfortable lighting environment.

並列關鍵字

evaluation ； indirect lighting ； direct lighting ； illuminance ； luminance ； psychology

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