存貨對於一般企業的生產、組織的後勤支援是非常重要的一環。存貨管理的好壞與否,直接影響企業的營運。在供應鏈管理中,存貨成本通常約佔了總成本的20%~60%左右。正因如此,企業紛紛找尋能夠降低存貨成本的方法。企業傳統的存貨管理模式,是供應商將貨品運送至倉儲中心來進行分類、揀選,並將貨品入庫儲存。當零售商下訂單後,便由倉儲中心發貨到零售商來滿足顧客需求。經由這種方式雖然能夠快速回應顧客需求(Quick Response),但是卻增加了存貨成本。在九零年代世界知名廠商Wal-Mart採用一種叫做接駁式轉運(cross-docking)的存貨管理技巧,降低存貨留在倉庫的時間,在最短的時間內送達目的地,降低營運成本及存貨成本,進而壓低商品售價。 由於科技的日益進步,現今收送貨整個過程已然全盤掌握資訊,而顧客也愈益要求準時準確的收到貨。因此,零售商在要求的時間內能收到貨已經是基本的需求。因此,在本研究中希望透過時窗限制來約束供應商送貨時間,探討在接駁式轉運中心整體成本的最佳化,並以系統模擬來求解本研究假設之綜合訂購系統(s, T, Q)模式及(s, T, S)模式加以比較,並希望藉此給予企業作為參考。
Inventory management is one of the most important aspect to business production and logistics. Inventory cost is usually about twenty to sixty percent of the supply chain management cost. Many efforts have been done to reduce inventory cost. In the traditional logistic system, suppliers send goods to the warehouse, and the warehouse will categorize and store them. When retailer orders some goods, the goods are sent out from the warehouse to the retailer to satisfy customer demand. This logistic system can give quick response to customer demand but increase inventory cost. Wal-Mart introduced cross-docking operation system to reduce inventory cost and its implementation results in much success. Science and technology have improved progressively year after year. Information of goods through RFID can be traced easily. This research investigates cross-docking operation system to optimize total cost with time window. Simulation based procedure is used to solve and analyze (s, T, Q) and (s, T, S) ordering model.