精神分析學是否為猶太科學？ －論《摩西與一神教》中的猶太性問題

Is Psychoanalysis Jewish science？ － The Problem on The Jewishness in Moses and Monotheism

賴敏婉(MIN-WAN LAI)

指導教授 ： 曾慶豹

中原大學/人文與教育學院/宗教研究所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200800316

摘要

摘 要

反閃意識強烈的納粹時期，「猶太科學」成為偽科學、反社會的標籤。濃厚的猶太色彩，使精神分析學在一切「猶太科學」中成為「猶太科學」之首。佛洛伊德一生抵制「猶太科學」的指控，然而佛洛伊德也承認，精神分析學的方法論及內容深受猶太思想啟發。精神分析學核心成員的猶太化加劇了「猶太科學」的聯想。

佛洛伊德生前最後著作－《摩西與一神教》，寫於猶太民族遭遇空前災難的前夕，探究著令歐洲人憎嫌的猶太性。在精神分析理論的演譯中，佛洛伊德將猶太性本質連結於摩西宗教的割禮及「伊底帕斯情結」的閹割恐懼。如此的操作更加令人相信，《摩西與一神教》的信息之一，在於回答精神分析學與「猶太科學」的關係。

若干學者相信藉由這段歷史真相及《摩西與一神教》文本意義的還原，能夠釐清佛洛伊德寫作此書的動機，進而斷定佛洛伊德是否認為精神分析學即是「猶太科學」。本論文質疑史學方法及憑藉文本資料還原真相的可能性，因此刻意以去中心化的多元動機，將《摩西與一神教》展演為非本質性的身分關懷，突顯佛洛伊德及精神分析學的普世化精神。藉此反對一種相信檔案資料具有本質性意義，並且不斷重返舊有觀點的史學或文本概念。

關鍵字

還原 ； 非本質性 ； 摩西與一神教 ； 去中心化. ； 猶太科學

並列摘要

Abstract

Influenced by the strong sense of anti-Semitism during the Nazi period, the "Jewish science" has become a label of pseudo-science or anti-social. Strong Jewish identification makes psychoanalysis the emblem of Jewish science. Although Freud had denied the allegations of "Jewish science" throughout his lifetime, he did admit that the methodology and content of psychoanalysis were inspired by the Jewish thinking. Jewish people among the core members of psychoanalysis have exacerbated its association with "Jewish science".

Freud’s last book, "Moses and Monotheism," was written when the Jewish people was on the verge of unprecedented disaster, which explores the resentment and suspicion towards the Jewish people demonstrated by the Europeans. In his deduction of the psychoanalysis theory, Freud links the essential Jewish attributes to Moses in the religious circumcision and “Oedipus Complex" for fear of castration. Such manipulation makes more people believe that, at least one of the messages of "Moses and Monotheism," is to respond to the connection between psychoanalysis and "Jewish science."

Some scholars believe that through the revelation of the historical truth in this period, and the restoration of the meaning and significance of "Moses and Monotheism" from the original text, the motives behind Freud’s composition of this book can be clarified, so it can help determine whether Freud has considered psychoanalysis as "Jewish science." This paper questions the possibility of restoring the whole truth from the historical anthropology and text analysis, so the calculated multiple decentralization motives are to project "Moses and Monotheism" as nonessential concern of identity, and to highlight the spirit of Freud and psychoanalysis in the sense of universal spirit. Therefore, I oppose to certain thinking which believes that archives may contain all the essential meaning, and thereby the need exists to constantly return to the historical viewpoints or text concepts.

並列關鍵字

Decentralization. ； nonessential ； Jewish Science ； Moses and Monotheism ； restoration

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