工程異質採購最低標實務之研究

A Study on the Practice of Determining the Lowest Tender in the Procurement of Different Quality in Construction

鄭宜蓉(Yi-Jung Cheng)

指導教授 ： 姚志明

中原大學/法學院/財經法律研究所/碩士(2016年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201600010

摘要

依政府採購法第52條第2項規定，對於具備異質性的工程標案，經機關分析評估結果，認為不宜以價格為唯一競爭方式，而採用最有利標決標，自屬合法。按最有利標之精神，就是要讓機關在既有之預算規模下，完成最符合需求之採購，買到最好之標的，使預算更有效率的運用；另一方面可達到鼓勵廠商從事非價格競爭，以避免惡性低價搶標，使機關採購更具彈性及帶動國內採購需求市場品質之提昇。然而在施行多年後，大多機關並未確認是否屬異質工程及不宜以最低標決標方式辦理，許多以最有利標方式決標之採購案件，陸續受到外界質疑、甚至檢調介入調查，使社會大眾產生「最有利標即為最有弊標」之觀感，可謂原先設計辦理最有利標之前提與精神已喪失。
有鑑於此，為確保各機關以最有利標決標方式辦理採購時，能符合公正、公平原則，爰行政院公共工程委員會訂定「機關異質採購最低標作業須知」，對不同廠商所供應之工程、財物或勞務，於技術、品質、功能、效益、特性、實績經驗、財務狀況、如期履約紀錄或價格等，有差異者，其差異情形較小者，適用「機關異質採購最低標作業須知」，經審查合於標準之廠商開價格標，採最低標決標；差異情形較大者，適用「機關異質採購最有利標作業須知」，採最有利標。而採購標的明確，在不降低品質的前提下，以最低標為決標原則。前開，採用異質採購最低標決標方式，期能藉由評分機制，淘汰部分不合於所訂標準之廠商，以增進採購品質，並藉價格競爭機制，發揮與最低標決標方式相近之降低決標金額以節省經費之作用。
本研究希冀藉實務案例探討制度及實務上之運作，防微杜漸，以提升採購效率及品質。

關鍵字

工程 ； 異質採購 ； 最低標 ； 最有利標 ； 決標

並列摘要

According to the government procurement act, article 52-2, it is illegal to award the most advantageous tender when the prices are the only way to compete after the agency analyze and evaluate the result. As the most advantageous tender, making the budget-using more efficiency to reach the demand of procurement; on the other hand, it could encourage the firms to do the unpriced competition to provide the vicious of robbing tickets in low prices, letting the agency procurement more flexibility and could also promote the quality of domestic procure demand market. However, most of the agency yet confirm whether it is the different qualities of construction work and use the lowest tender to award. Lots of procurements which is the most advantageous tender are in the suspicion or even in the investigation to let citizen have the observations of the most advantageous tender was the evil one. It could find the consciousness had lose over the most advantageous tender.
In view of this, to confirm each agency have the most advantageous tender of procure could manage the principles of impartial and fairness, the Public Construction Commission Executive Yuan set the " the Guidelines of Determining the Lowest Tender in the Procurement of Different Quality Subjects ". It has the small difference between the supply in different firms, like construction work, wealth and labor through technic, quality, function, benefit, property, experience of actual results, finical status, the recording of agreement or prices. These are applicable of using " the Guidelines of Determining the Lowest Tender in the Procurement of Different Quality Subjects " to investigate if it is close to the price of the standard firm in the lowest tender. If the difference was long away, it was applicable of using "the Guidelines of Determining the Most Advantageous Tender in the Procurement of Different Quality Subjects" with the most advantageous tender. Under the premise that not to lower the quality, the procurement of conferment is the lowest tender. To award the differ qualities in the lowest tender, it could eliminate some under standard firm through the evaluation mechanism so that it could improve the procurement quality and through the mechanism of price competition could save some funds to bring out the lowest tender price.
The study hope to check erroneous through the actual case and the actual operation promoting the procurement’s efficiency and quality.

並列關鍵字

construction work ； the procurement of different quality ； the lowest tender ； the most advantageous tender ； award of contract

參考文獻

2.王麗鳳，我國政府採購的政治經濟分析，黎明文化事業股份有限公司，2006年。

2.吳庚，行政契約之基本問題，台大法學論叢，7卷2期，1978年6月，第142-144頁

7.柯寧寧，政府採購投標廠商資格設定之研究，國立中央大學營建管理研究所碩士論文，2006年7月。

3.林瑞東，公共工程採購爭議與處機制之研究，國立成功大學科技法律研究所碩士論文，2009年6月。

1.李宗霖，政府採購法第85條之1第2項強制仲裁合憲性之研究，國立臺北大學法律學系碩士論文，2011年12月。