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  • 學位論文

綠色供應鏈可回收商品之存貨模式

Green Supply Chain Inventory Model for Recoverable ProductsQuality

指導教授 : 黃惠民

摘要


在最近幾年環保與綠色產品意識的覺醒,企業和政府意識到,資源利用是有限的,為了減少廢棄物,因此回收與資源再生將是未來趨勢。這些壓力除了環保意識外,主要原因也是因為國際團體如:廢電子電機設備指令 (WEEE)、電子電機設備中危害物質禁用限制(RoHS)與歐盟(European Union)等強調綠色生產的壓力下,扮演一個很重要的角色。在2006年 12月31日後,WEEE的主要會員國,每人每年必需至少回收4公斤的回收數量。因此,公司企業必須完成一回收系統,為了完成WEEE指令的績效要求。 環境的覺醒愈來愈高漲,限制使用有限自然資源製造新產品,回收數量配額制度以避免廢棄物的增加,製造商被分配負責對被使用的產品回收責任,和政府獎勵與刺激回收零件材料等,其目的皆是“增加回收減少有限資源使用”。產品和材料再使用不是一種新現象,廢紙、 金屬廢棄物、一般飲料空瓶的回收已經是長期是的例子,這些情況下再使用的產品比使用新品在經濟層面上更划算。 在本研究中,我們考慮回收再使用商品與外購新品皆有不良品以符合實際情況,而模式的假設是,被使用過的產品以固定的比例從顧客方面收集,恢復的產品完全被認為是新的可以再使用。其目的是:在外購商品與可回收使用皆含不良品前提下,獲得最佳經濟訂購量與存貨水準使其總成本最低,同時將所推導之模式代入數值範例加以說明,並對重要的參數進行敏感度分析。其伴隨的無形效益將是環保觀念提升、地球資源減少浪費、降低環境污染。本研究結果,將可具體提供政府及企業有效執行環境化設計、綠色生產、及資源回收再利用等各項建議及決策參考。

並列摘要


Due to recent worldwide environmental and green products consciousness, a systematic analytical process to evaluate various alternative courses of action with the objective of developing an efficient way to employ scarce resources is critical. The pressures from WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment), RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substance) and European Union have played an important part in enhancing the greening of products. After December 31, 2006, each person of WEEE main members has to recovery at least 4 kilograms recycling quantities every year. Therefore, each enterprise must achieve the recovery system in order to conform to the WEEE instruction. Increasing environmental consciousness, limited of natural resources to manufacture new products, recovery quotas to avoid disposal, manufacturers assigned to be responsible for used products, and materials value of components included in returned products are incentives for product recovery. Reuse of products and materials is not a new phenomenon. Waste paper recycling, metal scrap brokers, and deposit systems for soft drink bottles are the examples that have been around for a long time. In these cases recovery of the used products is economically more attractive than disposal. In this study we discuss the newly procured and reusable items that have imperfect quality. The model assumes that a fixed proportion of the used products are collected from customers and later recovered for reuse. The recovered products are regarded as perfectly new ones. The object is to obtain the economic order quantity (EOQ) for procurement and the optimal inventory level of recoverable items to start the recovery process simultaneously. The formulation treats the two inventories as interdependent parts of a total system, and jointly determines the optimal lot sizes for the recovery and the procurement process. A mathematical model and program are developed to derive the minimal cost, and finally numerical example and sensitivity analysis are given to analyze the key factors in the system.

參考文獻


1. 丁執宇,「知識經濟時代清潔生產新趨勢─綠色供應鏈管理」,永續發展產業雙月刊,第七期,21-32(2003)。
2. 王嘉興、張嘉恆、蘇純繒、古東源,“逆向供應鏈之最適存貨水準”,中國工業工程學會九十二年度年會論文集,2003。
3. 王瀅琇,「國際間針對 WEEE 所採取之行動」,經濟部綠色電子資訊季刊,第五期,7-12,2002。
4. 王瀅琇,「廢電機電子設備回收再利用相關制度探討」,經濟部綠色電子資訊季刊 第五期,4-6,2002。
5. 行政院環境保護署,http://w3.epa.gov.tw/epalaw/index.htm。

被引用紀錄


楊明曄(2014)。電子廢棄物處理商機〔碩士論文,國立中央大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0031-0412201511573243

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