以直接與間接水蒸氣蒸餾法萃取香葉天竺葵之成分研究

Study on the components of Pelargonium graveolens by direct and indirect water steam distillation

田家維(Chia-Wei Tien)

指導教授 ： 謝博進

中原大學/理學院/化學系/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200700833

摘要

香葉天竺葵(Pelargonium graveolens)為牻牛兒苗科(Geraniaceae)天竺葵屬(Pelargonium)多年生草本，具有強烈特殊香味，常種植於庭院花園作為香草植物。枝葉含有精油，其香味具有驅除蚊蟲功效，精油有抗菌消炎功效。
將新鮮採集之香葉天竺葵枝葉，經過前處理之後進行直接與間接水蒸氣蒸餾法。在經過使用乙醚、正已烷分配萃取、鹼處理、水洗及濃縮等步驟後，得到淡褐色的中性精油。將得到的中性精油，先利用矽膠管柱色層分析初步分成碳氫化合物與含氧化合物兩大部分，再進一步將其單離與純化，並利用氣相層析-火焰離子偵測器(GC-FID)、氣相層析質譜儀(GC-Mass)、傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀(FT-IR)及核磁共振光譜儀(NMR)鑑定其化學結構。
在碳氫化合物部分中以GC-Mass光譜確認了24個化合物：
β-pinene、3-methylene-1,5,5-trimethylcyclohexene、α-phellandrene、o-cymene、sylvestrene、β-trans-ocimene、β-cis-ocimene、copaene、β-bourbonene、β-elemene、β-caryophyllene、α-guaiene、aristolene、α-gurjunene、α-caryophyllene、aromadendrene、germacrene d、isoledene、δ-selinene、α-muurolene、cadinene、τ-cadinene、δ-cadinene、β-maaliene 。其中aristolene為首次在香葉天竺葵中發現。
在含氧化合物中純化出4個化合物：linalool、menthone、geraniol、τ-eudesmol，以gc-mass光譜鑑定21個化合物：
geranic oxide、cineole、linalool oxide、rose oxide、myrcenol、isopulegol、α-cyclogeraniol、isomenthol、terpineol、β-citronellol、β-citral、citronellyl formate、citronellyl propionate、geranyl propionate、citronellyl butanoate、geranyl isobutyrate、nerolidol、phenylethyl tiglate、agarospirol、τ-cadinol、geranyl tiglate。
在萃取方法比較方面，間接水蒸氣蒸餾法的收油率為0.16%，直接水蒸餾法的收油率為0.14%。其主要八種主要成份含量如下所示。
間接水蒸氣蒸餾法：linalool 5.79%、menthone 8.85%、β-citronellol 15.08%、geraniol 20.58%、aristolene 16.52%、germacrene D 5.10%、τ-eudesmol 11.38%、geranyl tiglate 5.16%。
直接水蒸氣蒸餾法：linalool 16.89%、menthone 6.07%、β-citronellol 8.15%、geraniol 33.69%、aristolene 8.37%、germacrene D 0.42%、τ-eudesmol 7.34%、geranyl tiglate 5.51%。

關鍵字

香葉天竺葵 ； 精油

並列摘要

Pelargonium graveolens, a member of Geraniaceae family which has strong and specific scent. This plant contains essential oil which can be used for anti-inflammation or anti-microbial. Moreover, its fragrance can be used to repel insects and mosquitoes.
In this study, the leaves and branches were gathered from fresh Pelargonium graveolens. After prepared processes, the slightly brown neutral essential oil was gathered by distillation and by using ether and hexane to partition before treatment with base to remove acidic compounds. Then, the essential oil mixture was separated and purified by column chromatography. The oil mixture was chromatographed into hydrocarbon and oxygenated fractions which were used to analyze its chemical components by using gas chromatography (GC) equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID), mass spectrometer detector (MSD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (NMR).
In the hydrocarbon fraction, some components were found. They go as follows.
β-pinene、3-methylene-1,5,5-trimethylcyclohexene、α-phellandrene、o-cymene、sylvestrene、β-trans-ocimene、β-cis-ocimene、copaene、β-bourbonene、β-elemene、β-caryophyllene、α-guaiene、aristolene、α-gurjunene、α-caryophyllene、aromadendrene、germacrene D、isoledene、δ-selinene、α-muurolene、cadinene、τ-cadinene、δ-cadinene、β-maaliene were identified. There was first time to isolated aristolene from Pelargonium graveolens.
In the oxygenated fraction, some components were found. They go as follows.
linalool、menthone、geraniol、τ-eudesmol、geranic oxide、cineole、linalool oxide、rose oxide、myrcenol、isopulegol、α-cyclogeraniol、isomenthol、terpineol、β-citronellol、
β-citral、citronellyl formate、citronellyl propionate、geranyl propionate、citronellyl butanoate、geranyl、nerolidol isobutyrate、phenylethyl tiglate、agarospirol、τ-cadinol、geranyl tiglate were identified.
By comparing the methods of extraction, 0.16% essential oil was gathered by indirect steam distillation while 0.14% essential oil was gathered by direct steam distillation from Pelargonium graveolens. Then, I compared the differences by tracing eight major components contents in oils which were gathered in two different ways. The findings go as follows.
1.Indirect steam distillation：
linalool 5.79%、menthone 8.85%、β-citronellol 15.08%、geraniol 20.58%、aristolene 16.52%、germacrene D 5.10%、τ-eudesmol 11.38%、geranyl tiglate 5.16%。
2.Direct water distillation：
linalool 16.89%、menthone 6.07%、β-citronellol 8.15%、geraniol 33.69%、aristolene 8.37%、germacrene D 0.42%、τ-eudesmol 7.34%、geranyl tiglate 5.51%。

並列關鍵字

essential oil ； Pelargonium gravenlens

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