國際犯罪之懲治涉及他國法域,國際社會為解決此一問題,採行刑事司法協定之簽訂以資救濟。職是,國際刑事司法互助之體系因應產生。 目前國際社會一般承認的刑事管轄權基礎,主要有屬地主義及屬人主義二種。然或因國家法權之不逮,或因他國欠缺管轄權,或兩國國際管轄權競合,致罪犯得以藉法律管轄權真空而嚴重影響各國社會秩序之安定。為了彌補此一漏洞,國際間常藉引渡之方式來達成共同制裁罪犯之目的。 引渡制度存在已久,目前各國對於引渡制度之操作立場不一,因此多以締結條約的方式作為引渡成立的法律基礎。所謂條約是指由二個或二個以上國際法主體,依據國際法之規定所為之意思合致。而國際法主體,依傳統國際法學者認為唯有國家,然而,晚近之發展卻已否認此種看法,認為國家固然是最重要之國際法主體,能享受負擔國際法上完全之權利義務,但國家絕非唯一國際法主體。國家依據基本規範創設一些規定,該規定形成政治實體的概念,並賦予其締約能力及認可其得適用特定習慣法及條約。 過去,我國有關刑事司法互助引渡制度之實踐,因與其他國家多無邦交關係,亦未簽訂引渡條約,是對於罪犯之引渡遲遲無法有效實行。倘若我國與無邦交國及兩岸間係以政治實體身分基於契約自由原則簽訂不以書面為限之契約,那麼似乎可以為兩岸間及與無邦交國間就引渡制度之操作找出國際法上一個可能的的解釋。 最後,本文續就我國與邦交、非邦交國及兩岸間引渡制度之實踐進行說明。討論目前國際上對於為懲治國際犯罪所為之司法互助程序進行討論,期望對於引渡程序之實踐有更深一層的認識。
International Criminal Law provides a clear account of the principles governing international crimes and an outline of international jurisdictions. Due to international crimes involve a variety of nation jurisdictions and human rights, many countries have established right remedy agreement to eliminate international crime from country to country. Adopting a combination of the classic common law and more theoretical approaches to the subject, it expounds the fundamentals of both substantive and procedural international criminal law, providing a territorial principle and humanity principle framework to all the rules, principles, concepts, and legal constructs key to the subject. However, some country jurisdiction may not be entirely executed or competing jurisdiction may be a drawback for the law. International serial crime may take advantage of these setbacks to get away that may damage the role of justice and social order. To prevent international crimes, a majority country has engaged an extradition agreement. Extradition system existence has been a while, at present various countries regarding extradition operation standpoint system differently, therefore many concludes a treaty the way takes the extradition tenable law foundation. The so-called treaty is refers by two or two above international law main bodies (Subject of international law), gathers meaning of stipulation of behavior based on the international law. But the international law main body, according to the traditional international law scholar thought only has the country entity, however, the late near development denied this view actually, thought the country no doubt is the most important international law main body, can enjoy in the burden international law completely the rights and obligations, but politic entity is not the only international law main subject. The country rests on the basic standard to establish some stipulations, this stipulation forms the political entity the concept, and entrusts with it to conclude a treaty ability and approves it is suitable the specific common law and treaty.. In the past, Taiwan has faced many obstacles regarding related criminal activity judicature cooperation (international criminal legal assistance) extradited practice the system, because with other national non-diplomatic relation, has also not signed the extradition treaty, was unable extradition regarding the criminal to implement effectively. There is a possible and practical explanation, if Taiwan signs the contract between the non-diplomatic relation country and both parties follow the political entity identity based on the freedom of contract principle is not limited to the contract. In conclusion, this article continues on Taiwan with the diplomatic nations and non-diplomatic nations to more specific extradite practice the system to carry on showing. The discussion at present on international regarding judicature of cooperation procedure the behavior carries on the discussion for the punishment international crime, expected has a deeper understanding practice of regarding the extradition proceeding.
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