逆魚鱗砌石工水理特性及填砂作用之研究

Study on Hydraulic Characteristic and Sand Filled Effect of Inverse-Scale Structure Masonry

張嫆青(Yong-Ching Chang)

指導教授 ： ARRAY(0xaca6148)

中原大學/工學院/土木工程研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201000967

摘要

台灣因地理環境影響使得降雨量集中故洪水災害頻繁，因而大多河川以築建堤防止災害。為確保地區永續發展生態工程已為今後之主流，以就地取材為理念的柳枝工及木梢沉床之堤岸工法，於卑南溪及筏子溪實際應用上有良好效果，但以逆魚鱗乾砌石方式填入塊石，與一般順魚鱗乾砌石或垂直魚鱗乾砌石方式之設計不同。自實際案例得知其有為1.使水流於岸邊降低接近流速，減少對堤岸之剪力；2.讓河川中的砂石填入砌石縫中增加穩定性，但尚未見理論驗證資料，故本文以試驗方法進行佐證及解析。
本研究以相同試驗條件（坡度、流量、砂量及時間等），利用逆魚鱗、順魚鱗及垂直魚鱗三種乾砌石工，分別進行水工模型之水理試驗及填砂試驗，其模型比例為原型的1/12。水理試驗研究結果顯示，以五種坡度三種乾砌石工推估之模型曼寧n值轉換為原型曼寧n值範圍為0.0365~0.0597（逆魚鱗）、0.0258~0.0469（順魚鱗）及0.0349~0.0416（垂直魚鱗），其在同一坡度與流量下關係為逆魚鱗乾砌石工＞垂直魚鱗乾砌石工＞順魚鱗乾砌石工，當摩擦係數越大即流速越小，可減低岸邊堤防之沖刷；填砂試驗結果顯示，在渠槽中加入砂石，逆魚鱗、垂直魚鱗及順魚鱗三種乾砌石工於坡度0.002、0.006及0.01之填砂量比例分別為1：0.83：0.7、 1：0.80：0.69及1：0.84：0.77，故石縫中被填入的砂石量為逆魚鱗乾砌石工＞垂直魚鱗乾砌石工＞順魚鱗乾砌石工，砂石量填入較大之砌石工，使砌石間較緊密，推測其穩定性較穩固。

關鍵字

乾砌石工法 ； 渠槽試驗 ； 曼寧係數

並列摘要

The frequent disasters happened in Taiwan because of the concentrated rainfall caused by the geographical environment. In order to prevent the disasters, most rivers were built the embankments. To make sure the local sustainable development, the ecological engineering became the mainstream. Wicker works and Fascine Mattress of the embankment working method in Bei-Nan River and Fa-Tzu River responded fine effect in actual application. However, Inverse-Scale Structure dry masonry was different with Positive-Scale Structure dry masonry or Vertical-Scale Structure dry masonry in urual filled. Actual cases were obtained the result, such as 1. To decrease the flow velocity in shore and to reduce the shear stress on the embankment. 2. To fill sand in the gaps in order to increase the stability, but it was not verified in the theoretical verification. This study performed the test method to verify and analyses.
This study used the Inverse-Scale Structure, Positive-Scale Structure, and Vertical-Scale Structure dry masonry in the same experimental conditions (slop, flow rate, sand volume and time…etc) to execute the hydraulic model test and Sand Filled test, the model scale was 1:12. The hydraulic result shows that the Manning coefficient range of prototype was 0.0365~0.0597 (Inverse-Scale Structure), 0.0258~0.0469 (Positive-Scale Structure) and 0.0349~0.0416 (Vertical-Scale Structure) in the five slopes and three dry masonries. The relation was Inverse-Scale Structure> Vertical-Scale Structure> Positive-Scale Structure.When the friction coefficient was bigger, it can reduce the erosion in the shore. The result of Sand Filled test shows that the Inverse-Scale Structure dry masonry, Vertical-Scale Structure dry masonry and Positive-Scale Structure dry masonry each slope were 0.002, 0.006, 0.01, and the each ratio of sand filled quantity was 1：0.83：0.7, 1：0.80：0.69 and 1：0.84：0.77 The quantity of sand filled in the gaps was Inverse-Scale Structure> Vertical-Scale Structure> Positive-Scale Structure. The more quantity sand filled, the more denseness masonry had. It can suppose that the stability was steadier.

並列關鍵字

Channel test ； Manning coefficient ； dry masonry working method

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