滾動軸承損壞對策與實務分析

滾動軸承在使用過程中由於本身品質和外部條件的原因，其承載能力、旋轉精度和耐磨性能等會發生變化。當軸承的性能指標低於使用要求而不能正常工作時，軸承就發生了故障甚至失效，軸承一旦發生失效等意外情況後，機器、設備將會停轉，出現功能喪失等各種異常現象，因此需要在短期內查出發生的原因，並採取相應的措施。本論文參考FAG滾動軸承失效手冊(WL 82 102/2 CN-CN)內容並結合實務經驗加以補充與修正，整理主要的軸承失效模式與對策，並使用頻譜分析軟體，研究軸承振動(異音)與頻譜分析結果之對應性，以實際的軸承損壞樣本搭配，加以驗證使用頻譜訊號檢出軸承損壞模式的可行性。目前頻譜分析軟體可以有效分析軸承損壞之樣本，但對於後續建構運轉系統的監控系統，用以偵測軸承使用之振動訊號，預防軸承損壞之停機維修損失，為系統與設備監控之重要課題。研究結果顯示，以預先製作的內環溝傷、外環溝傷及鋼珠傷痕樣本，以頻譜分析驗證軸承傷痕位置，均可有效檢測分析軸承樣本對應的傷痕位置，使得分析人員可在不用分解軸承觀察下即可作檢查，簡化軸承調查流程，並可快速進行後續對策。

關鍵字

軸承振動；頻譜分析

並列摘要

Roller bearings in the course of the use with quality and external conditions for the reasons, its carrying capacity, rotation accuracy and wear resistance, etc. will change. When the bearing performance is lower than the use of the requirements and can not work properly, the bearing failure , bearing failure and other unexpected circumstances, the machine, the device will stop, the loss of function and other anomalies, In the short term to identify the reasons for the occurrence, and take appropriate measures. In this thesis, I refer to the FAG Roller Bearing Failure Manual (WL 82 102/2 CN-CN) and combine with the practical experience to supplement and correct the main bearing failure modes and countermeasures, and use the spectrum analysis software to study the bearing vibration. Spectrum analysis results of the correspondence, with the actual bearing damage samples with, to verify the use of spectrum signals to detect bearing damage model feasibility. At present, spectrum analysis software can effectively analyze the bearing damage to the sample. But it’s important issues for the follow-up construction of the operating system monitoring system to detect the use of bearing vibration signal. According to the test results, the spectrum analysis can effectively verify the bearing scar position, without breaking the bearing, simplify the bearing investigation process.