企業經營中的各種活動與策略,主要的目標在於提升組織的績效,因為績效改進是策略的核心(Venkatraman & Ramanujam, 1986 )。而哪些構面是達成組織績效的因素,在過去的學者研究中是常被探討的。組織氣候分別對於組織學習及知識管理活動影響的實証研究中,許多研究證實有顯著的正面影響,可惜的是卻未在組織氣候類型內容上多加深入探討。而組織學習與知識管理活動分對組織績效影響的實証研究中,許多研究證實有顯著的直接或間接的正面影響,然而,是否這些影響變數在不同的產業別下都能順利提昇組織績效? 為了回答這個問題,本研究以組織氣候、組織學習及知識管理活動做為理論背景架構,將研究焦點放在:(1) 企業的組織氣候類型對組織學習所造成的影響,與 (2) 企業的組織氣候類型對知識管理活動所造成的影響,及 (3) 組織學習與知識管理活動特性分別對組織績效所造成的影響。基於這樣的目的,本研究以某一保險公司之通訊處為研究對象,並採取問卷調查的方式進行資料收集,共寄出90份問卷,回收有效問卷82 份,分別以t 檢定、集群分析、相關分析、迴歸分析等方法來進行實證並驗證本研究所提出之各項假設。研究主要的發現為: (一)保險業通訊處若屬於開放型組織氣候,則會有較高的組織學習及較佳的知識管理活動,反之,保險業的通訊處若屬於封閉型組織氣候,則會有較低的組織學習及較低的知識管理活動。因此,企業應具備某些特定的氣候有益於組織學習及知識管理活動。 (二)保險業通訊處的組織學習對組織績效部份具有正向影響,顯示出組織學習可以幫助組織不斷的吸收新的資訊並將新、舊的資訊加以整合在組織學習對組織績效方面,另外組織學習可以幫助組織成員不斷地追求學習的動機,並給予組織成員學習的機會,使組織不斷的成長與改進,因而創造出組織的競爭優勢進而改善組織的績效。 (三)保險業通訊處的知識管理活動對組織績效部份具有正向影響,顯示企業必須同時加強知識管理活動在組織內的運作效率以及組織環境對知識管理活動的支援能力,二者缺一不可。由於知識管理活動重塑了企業的價值,所以,企業應該設法利用各種途徑取得、轉換、分享及應用組織的知識管理,並在公司內部形成一良好的知識管理機制,以提昇競爭力。
A fundamental purpose of all kinds of activities and strategies in business management is to elevate the organizational performance, because that improving performance is the core of strategic movements (Venkatraman & Ramanujam, 1986). In management research literature, scholars had studied various factors concerning organizational performance. Among this line of research, many empirical studies confirm that organizational learning and knowledge management activity have positive impacts on organizational performance. Meanwhile, some studies also indicate that organizational climate has positive impacts on organizational learning and knowledge management activity. Lamentably, there is little research that aims to verify the causal relation among organizational climate, organizational learning, knowledge management activity, and organizational performance and explores these four variables all at once. Being concerned with this research inquiry, this study explores the relationship among organizational climate, organizational learning, knowledge management activity, and organizational performance and focuses on (1) the impact of organizational climate type on organizational learning, and (2) the impact of organizational climate type on knowledge management activity, and (3) the impact of organizational learning and knowledge management activity on organizational performance respectively. The researcher conducted preliminary field interviews and a comprehensive theoretical literature review in order to build the conceptual model. After then, the researcher collected data by surveying the outsourcing marketing units of an insurance company in Taiwan. In the survey, 90 questionnaires were e-mailed and 81 valid questionnaires were received. T-test, cluster analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis are used to test the research hypotheses. After a series of empirical works, this study reaches three specific insights as blow: 1.The outsourcing marketing units with the open organizational climate type have higher organizational learning and better knowledge management activity than those with the close organizational climate type. Hence, a firm must possess some particular organizational climate to favor organizational learning and knowledge management activity. 2.Organizational learning in outsourcing marketing units of the insurance company has a positive impact on organizational performance. Hence, a firm should constantly promote absorbing new information and integrating the old and new information, and provides its members incentives and opportunities for learning in order to elevate its organizational performance. 3.Knowledge management activity in outsourcing marketing units of the insurance company also has a positive impact on organizational performance. Therefore, in order to elevate its organizational performance, a firm has to promote the acquisition, transformation, sharing, and applying of knowledge and forge an appropriate knowledge management mechanism to raise its knowledge management activity.
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