中英語語碼轉換研究-外在或個人因素的探討

A Study of Chinese-English Code-Switching - An Investigation of External and Personal Factors

石珮儀(Pei-I Shih)

指導教授 ： 鄭谷苑

中原大學/理學院/心理學系/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/CYCU.2006.00420

摘要

雙語和多語的普及使雙語成為了多個研究領域的議題，但是對於最常見的雙語混合現象，語碼轉換的產出，卻較少有研究探討。雖然過去的文獻指出不同因素會促使同為印歐語系的兩個語言產生語碼轉的現象，但是這些因素對於兩個不同語言家族的語言（中文和英文）是否仍有其影響性，特別是當受試群為非平衡之雙語者？此外，這些因素之間是否有某種關係，對於語碼轉換的產生是否具有不同程度上的影響力？針對這些問題，本研究將語碼轉換的情境設定為以中文為主，加入英文語料的情況，進行了三個實驗。實驗一主要的目的是再度驗證外在因素（文化性文章、語音伴隨和英文要求），和個人因素（英文學習年齡和經歷）對於語碼轉換產生的影響性。由於英文在台灣一般日常生活上仍舊沒有被普遍使用，外在因素的影響或許會較弱，因此，實驗二將實驗一混合性的文章改成完全以英文的方式呈現，來提高外在因素對於語碼轉換的影響力。以實驗一和實驗二的結果為根據，實驗三除了操弄外在因素，也增加了個人因素（英文程度和專業度）的操弄，將文化性文章改成專業性文章來探討外在和個人因素對於語碼轉換產出的影響力，以期望能更清楚的瞭解台灣的中英文雙語使用者，語碼轉換的關鍵影響因素。實驗結果顯示，上述因素的影響有高低階層的情形，個人因素：經歷、專業度和英文程度最具影響力；外在因素只有要求的影響力最為穩定。至於外在因素：文章內容和聲音提供的影響力是建立在個人變項：經歷或專業度和英文程度之上，有了這些個人因素，文章內容和聲音才能提升其影響力。因此，在引發語碼轉換產出的因素上，個人因素的影響力會大於外在因素，至於外在因素之間則有優先次序上的不同，要求大於文章內容和聲音伴隨。實驗結果除了以非平衡的中英雙語者證實了Grosjean（1998）的語言模式連續性之外，也提出不同因素在此語言模式連續性上的意義，並間接說明了個人因素的加強會促使英文的使用情況。本研究的主要貢獻有兩方面。一是可以提供實際的資料，瞭解台灣的雙語者為何在學習英文多年之後，仍無法在日常生活中有大量的語碼轉換的現象。第二，是相對於其他中英文雙語語碼轉換的研究，提供文化和環境影響的證據。

關鍵字

個人因素 ； 外在因素 ； 因素探討 ； 中英文語碼轉換

並列摘要

Bilingualism and/or multilingualism are important topics in various research areas; however, studies on the most common language mixing phenomenon – code switching – are relatively rare. Literatures on Code-Switching (CS) demonstrated some factors could cause language mixing phenomenon in two Indo-European Languages. But will those factors be as effective to cause CS of languages from different language families (e.g., Chinese of Sino-Tibetan and English in Indo-European langauges)? Furthermore, can CS be found on unbalanced bilinguals? Is there any relationship between those effective factors with different levels of effect on CS? In order to answer those questions, three studies were conducted using Chinese-English unbalanced bilinguals as the subjects. Study one is to explore the effect of both external factors (Culture Article, Sound and Demand) and personal factors (Age and Experience) on CS. Due to the lack of English using environment in Taiwan, articles presented in study two was in English only, instead of Chinese-English mixed format in study 1, to encourage and foster more English using. Study three is to manipulate both external (Specialty Article) and personal factors (Standard and Specialty) in the same study to improve the defects of previous studies. From these three studies, we wish to seek for the crucial factors that would cause Chinese-English CS, and to better understand the occurrence of CS in Chinese-English bilinguals in Taiwan. The result suggested factors with various levels of effect, personal factors: Experience, Specialty and Standard are the most influential factors, followed by the external factor Demand. Other external factors: Article and Sound only work while the personal factors activate first. In general, personal factors are much influential than external factors. This result not only supports the language continuous mode proposed by Grosjean (1998) from the unbalanced bilinguals, it also provides the meaning of factors on this mode. Two major conclusion were then drawn. First of all, explanation was provided for the lack of CS on Chinese-English bilinguals with many years of L2 learning experience. Secondly, by the comparison of the result of our study and other Chinese-English bilingual CS literature, we provide evidences on cultural and environmental factors on CS. Language mode continuum model was brought up again for a better picture of CS in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

External Factors ； Factor investigation ； Personal Factors ； Chinese-English Code-Switching

參考文獻

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