近年來,人民對政府及社會普遍性的信心不足,使得社會犬儒主義現象高張,這樣的現象會削弱社會資本,影響社會發展,同時也對個人造成很大的影響,因此,如何降低人們的犬儒態度顯得相當重要。本研究首先探討犬儒主義對個人的幸福感及政治參與行為的影響,接著再從態度理論出發,討論使社會犬儒主義降低的心理機制,並以總統選舉作為關鍵事件,檢驗社會犬儒主義的動態性;另外,在總統選舉中,個人的認同傾向扮演著重要角色,因此,本研究加入個人的政黨認同、國族認同及投票選擇來檢驗其對社會犬儒主義改變的調節效果。本研究採用便利性取樣,並以受試者內重複測量的方式收集資料,受試者為年滿二十歲,設籍中華民國具有總統投票權的人民,合計有效回收260筆資料。研究結果發現:(1)當人們社會犬儒主義程度越高時,個人主觀評估幸福感的程度較低。(2)個人在總統選舉前後的社會犬儒主義程度顯著不同,選後的犬儒主義程度有顯著的下降。(3)依據本次總統選舉結果,國民黨認同及大中華認同程度越高的人,其選後社會犬儒主義下降程度較多,而國民黨認同及大中華認同程度低的人沒有顯著改變;民進黨認同及台灣認同程度越低的人,其選後的社會犬儒主義下降程度較多,而民進黨認同及台灣認同程度越高的人則沒有顯著差異。(4)自陳支持者當選的人其選後的社會犬儒主義程度有顯著下降,而支持者未當選的人,他們的社會犬儒主義程度則無顯著改變。最後,根據本研究結果進行討論,並說明可能的研究限制及未來研究方向。
In recent years, people become more and more unsatisfied with the government and lack confidence in the society. This may cause people to be cynical about human nature. Such phenomenon will reduce the social capital and have a bad effect upon the future of the country. As a result, to decrease individual’s social cynicism becomes an important issue. First, we try to explore how social cynicism influence individual’s well-being and political participation behavior. Then, we use presidential election as an example to find out what makes social cynicism change. In addition, we think that the degree of social cynicism decrease may have differences between people with different party identification, ethnic identification, and vote decides. The sample included 260 people from general public. The findings indicate that, (1)when the more cynical people become, the less well-being they would have. (2)People become less cynical after the presidential election. (3)After the election, people who identified with the new president, their social cynicism had diminished, on the contrary, people who didn’t identify with the new president, their social cynicism showed no difference.(4)When people supported the new president, they became less cynical, but when the candidate they support were failed, they would feel upset and pessimistic. Finally, we have a discussion on the results of study, research limitations and future research directions.
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