從素食到蔬食--台灣當代素食文化的形成與演變

From Vegetable Diet to Meatless Diet – The Formation and Transformation of Contemporary Vegetarian Culture in Taiwan

林文琇(Wen-Hsiu Lin)

指導教授 ： 陳玉箴

國立高雄餐旅大學/廚藝學院/台灣飲食文化產業研究所/碩士(2013年)

摘要

當吃素的動機逐漸由以往的宗教規範轉變為結合健康、環境、生命、全球暖化等議題，蔬食已成為當代新興素食的代名詞。本文探討臺灣的素食文化如何從素料加工的傳統仿葷素食，逐漸發展到今日的新鮮蔬食；同時探究西方的新素食主義運動對台灣當代素食型態有何影響。本研究採取深度訪談、參與觀察與文獻分析法。研究發現當代台灣素食之所以如此蓬勃發展，除了深受中國傳統儒釋道三教影響外，台灣民間信仰在素食的推展上，具有相當影響力量。且臺灣的主要素食人口亦從全然茹素的宗教素食者逐漸轉變為在時間、食物選擇上更具彈性的「彈性素食者」，素食的動機亦更加多元而非僅單一因素。從素食到蔬食，台灣當代素食文化的形成與演變，可說是結合東西方素食主義，凝聚宗教的慈悲精神，加入環保的綠色主張，形成自然、健康、科學的飲食理念，呈現台灣素食多元化面向。

關鍵字

素食 ； 蔬食 ； 彈性素食 ； 仿葷素食

並列摘要

When the reason for vegetable diet shifts gradually from the past religious restrictions to the mutual inclusion of health, environment, life, and global warming, meatless diet has become synonymous with the modern vegetarian of today. This paper explores how the vegetarian culture of Taiwan evolves progressively from the traditional meat-like vegetarian diet with processed vegetable ingredients to the current fresh meatless diet; it also investigates the influence of neo-vegetarianism movement in the West on Taiwan’s contemporary vegetarian style. This study contains in-depth interviews, involved observations, and documentary analyses. As to how vegetable diet can achieve such high degree of popularity in contemporary Taiwan, beside the deep influence by China’s three traditional religions - Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism, the research discovers that the Taiwanese local belief has significant impact to the vegetable diet’s wide acceptance. Furthermore, Taiwan’s main vegetarian populace also changes from strictly religious vegetarian to “flexitarian” who has more flexibility in terms of occasions and food choices. Being vegetarian is a matter of diversified causes instead of just one. From vegetable diet to meatless diet, the formation and transformation of contemporary vegetarian culture in Taiwan is the combination of East and West vegetarianism, integration of religious merciful spirit, addition to the green proposal of environmental protection, and together they formulate into a natural, healthy, and scientific dietary principle as well as represent Taiwan's diversified faces of vegetarian.

並列關鍵字

vegetable diet ； meatless diet ； flexitarian ； meat-like vegetarian

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