本文從共時和歷時的角度分析海南海口方言的音韻系統,並和各閩南次方言做比較。可以發現海口有許多特殊的音變現象,例如音系中沒有-ik/-iŋ,這可能是個有意義的系統空缺。聲母方面還是保留十五音的格局,由於p‘變成同部位的f,ts‘變成同部位的s,連帶著引起同部位的濁音也有一樣的演變:b>v、dz>z,這是因為語言具有平行性、規律性,會向同一個方向發展。韻母部分,切韻的後*?惘釧鼠廘o展為o的趨勢,陽唐、歌戈、豪韻這裡大都讀o。山攝的韻尾-n有部分變成舌根音-n>-ŋ,低元音a後都收-ŋ/-k尾;高元音i、u後都收-n/-t尾,可測律為:n→ŋ / [+低]卅 # →n / [+高]卅 # 整體而言海口是最接近潮汕系的閩南方言,而離泉漳系比較遠一點,而且經過時間空間的隔閡已經形成自己的方言區了,足以把海南閩語獨立成海南片,亦可稱瓊文片,視為和泉漳片、潮汕片、雷州片並列的層次。
This paper deals with Hai-kou phonology from synchronic and diachronic perspectives, and compares it with Southern Min subdialects. We find that there are some special phonetic features. For example, there are no -ik/-iŋ finals in the phonological system, it may be a significant systematic gap. The initial system essentially remains and corresponds with the traditional Fifteen initials. Due to the sound changes of voiceless initials /p‘/ to /f/; /ts‘/ to /s/, the voiced /b/ shifted to /v/; /dz/ shifted to /z/ parallel. Moreover, the back vowel */??/ in middle Chinese Qie-yun system has a tendency to become a back vowel /o/, the vowels of rhymes Yang、Tang、Ge、Ge and Hau tend to become /o/. Some alveolar endings /n/ of the Shan rhyme group become velar /ŋ/, the low vowel /a/ precedes /ŋ/, while the high vowels /i/、/u/ precede /n/. We could formulate the rule as follows:n→ŋ / [+low]卅 # →n / [+high]卅 # Generally speaking, Hai-kou dialect is certainly a branch of Southern-Min dialect. Besides, it is most related to Chau-zhou、Shan-tou dialects rather than Quan-zhou、Zhan-zhou dialects. And according to it should be defined as a distinct subdialect named "Hai-nan subdialect" or "Quong-wen subdialect."