行動者網絡理論與地方發展：魚池紅茶產業再造

簡汝育(Ru-Yu Jian)

指導教授 ： 譚鴻仁

國立臺灣師範大學/文學院/地理學系/碩士(2006年)

摘要

在台灣，產業轉型的過程中，農業生產往往是被選擇犧牲的一環，2001年台灣加入WTO，降低關稅，開放國外廉價農產進口，農業活動再一次受到衝擊；農業活動持續式微的過程中，鄉村地區的經濟發展也逐漸衰退，因此，鄉村「再」發展成為國家與民間必須共同面對的問題。但，鄉村的再發展不是要恢復傳統的農業經濟，而是必須走向多元化的鄉村經濟活動，社區總體營造的文化產業概念提供鄉村資源多元發展的可能。南投縣的魚池鄉是典型以農立鄉的山中聚落，近幾年來，地方發展的目標轉以觀光產業為主；921地震後紅茶產業的再發展，重新定位為文化產業，地方公所透過每年舉辦紅茶文化季的方式推廣產業，同時也吸引觀光客進入魚池鄉。

魚池鄉的紅茶產業從日治時代開始發展，台灣光復後曾經有過一段大好時間，大量外銷賺取外匯，後來雖然逐漸沒落，但在921地震之後因為大雁村的災區產業再造，又再度的成為魚池鄉的地方特產。本研究以鄉村發展的觀點嘗試瞭解紅茶的再商品化與地方發展的關聯；紅茶產業的復甦以文化產業為定位，強調品質、品種、品牌及產業的故事性，短短幾年間魚池紅茶的知名度大增，售價翻漲數十倍。但「產業的發展」及其背後的「社區營造」過程其實都存在著相當的衝突與問題，故本研究輔以行動者網絡理論分析兩集體行動，發現影響產業網絡與社區營造網絡穩定性的關鍵因素在於集體行動的轉譯是否以地方傳統為基礎，善用地方蘊含的社會資本；魚池鄉大雁村的澀水與山楂腳聚落兩種截然不同的社區營造模式即鑲嵌在地方的傳統及社會資本之上。

關鍵字

魚池 ； 紅茶 ； 鄉村發展 ； 行動者網絡理論

並列摘要

In the process of Taiwan industry development, the investment in agricultural production has been seen less important. This situation has become even aggravated since Taiwan became a member of the World Trade Organization in 2001 and the government lowered the tariff on imported agricultural products. With the decline of agricultural development, the economic development in rural areas becomes weak. As a result, the re-development in the rural becomes an issue for both the government and the public. To re-develop the rural is not to retrieve the traditional agricultural production, but to exploit the rural resources to spur diverse economic activities.

Yuchi, a county in central Taiwan is a twon whose main economy is agriculture. Its development has been transformed into tourism production recently. With the re-development of tea industry in Yuchi after 921 Earchquake in 1999, the black tea industry has revived Yuchi and became its main production with cultural specialty. Every year the local authorities hold the black tea festival to promote their products in order to have more tourists.

The black tea industry had developed since the Japanese Colonial Period and then was declining. It is retrieved on account of the community planning in Dayan village. With the perspective of the rural restructure, this dissertation explores the relationships between the re-commoditization of the black tea and the local economic development. The revived black tea industry has four foci： quality, variety, brand and narratives. In few years, Yhchi’s black tea industry has been well-known and with excellent profits, but it has encountered some conflicts and problems in the industrial development and the community planning at the same time. Therefore, the Actor-network theory was used to analyze these two collective actions. The findings are that local convention and social capital are the two key factors, which have influence in the stability of these two networks. For example, Seshui and Shanzhajiao villages in Dayan have dissimilar processes of the community planning. It is because their varied conventions and social capital are different.

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