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  • 學位論文

舞動生命的樂章-玉門舞集團員之自我實現

Waving Their Dancing Life: The Self-Actualization of the Members in the Yuimen Dance Group

指導教授 : 許維素
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摘要


本研究旨在瞭解玉門舞集團員學舞及加入玉門舞集之自我實現歷程。研究者以立意取樣法,邀請六位非舞蹈相關科系畢業,且連續參與玉門舞集三次以上公演的團員,進行半結構式深度訪談,並以Maslow需求層次理論和自我實現的途徑為依據,以質性研究的開放性編碼進行訪談逐字稿分析。本研究的結果與討論主要分為三個部份呈現。 第一部份為六位受訪玉門舞集團員學舞及加入玉門舞集之歷程故事:依照時間序呈現每位受訪者各別學舞及加入玉門舞集的故事。 第二部份為六位受訪玉門舞集團員學舞及加入玉門舞集歷程中有關自我實現之重要特徵:從每位受訪者學舞及加入玉門舞集歷程中,抽取有關自我實現之重要特徵,並分為加入前、初嚐期、深入期和現階段四大階段來探討。 第三部份經由跨個案的歷程分析中,抽取自我實現之要素,並進行綜合分析與討論,而發現: 從需求層次來看,六位受訪玉門舞團員學舞及加入玉門舞集的歷程中,除了安全需求,其他意動需求,如生理、愛與隸屬、尊重和自我實現等需求滿足,大致按照Maslow的理論,且同時能夠滿足認知和審美的需求。 從自我實現的途徑來看,六位受訪玉門舞團員皆能充分運用自我實現之八大途徑來滿足自我實現的需求,包括:(1)全心全意投身於舞蹈中,忘我的舞動肢體;(2)不斷選擇成長的喜悅,勝過安全的快樂;(3)傾聽內在想學舞的聲音;(4)真誠面對跳舞的要求,且勇於承擔責任;(5)不管身旁的人對舞蹈的看法如何,仍堅持繼續跳舞;(6)辛勤練習、忍受身心磨練、下苦功都是必須的過程;(7)體驗舞蹈的高峰經驗,並適時的運用在表演中;以及(8)戰勝自己,排除阻礙跳舞的各種心理障礙。 從四大階段來看,「加入前」受訪者依個人不同狀況,對於跳舞的動機產生不同的需求,且很早之前就相當喜歡跳舞,並開始選擇成長的方向,「初嚐期」能滿足受訪者更多需求,尤其生理、愛與隸屬、認知和審美的需求,由於喜歡玉門的舞蹈,不怕困難,全心投入,再苦再累都願意,到了「深入期」,受訪者能將阻力變助力、自我要求、精益求精,和虛心檢討,同時能夠承擔責任、努力不懈、忍受辛苦,並且勇敢面對內在與外在的阻礙,運用高峰經驗的感受,感動自己與觀眾,最後站在舞台上發光發熱,享受無比的成就與驕傲,亦滿足了尊重和自我實現的需求,而在「現階段」,受訪者能夠享受自信與美麗的改變,比過去更勇敢展現自己,表示會繼續留在玉門享受舞蹈、協助招生,迎接下一個挑戰。 本研究尚發現需求和途徑是不斷交錯出現的,因應需求,個體會運用不同的途徑來滿足,直到感覺足夠了,另一個需求會再度出現,然後受訪者再評估那個途徑適合,就在這樣不斷交錯中進行,直到完成演出,達到自我實現的境界。 最後,研究者依據研究結果與討論,針對現代婦女、政府相關單位,以及未來研究提出相關建議。

並列摘要


This study explored how the Yuimen Dance Group members learned dancing and the process of their self-actualization after joining the group. Using the method of judgment sampling, the researcher invited six members who had majored in non-dance related fields, and had participated in the Yuimen Dance Group performances for more than three times, to take part in semi-structured in-depth interviews. On the basis of Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory and ways to self-actualize, the interview transcripts were analyzed word by word through the qualitative research method of open coding. The results and discussions of this study were presented in the following three sections. The first section was about the experiences of the six interviewees in learning dance and becoming members of the Yuimen Dance Group. The individual stories were narrated in chronological order. In the second section, some of the key characteristics of self-actualization were identified throughout the six members’ dance-learning processes, which were divided into four stages: pre-entry, initial, advanced and current stages , for further investigations. In the third section, the researcher conducted a comprehensive analysis and discussion by extracting the elements of self-actualization across six interviewees’ dance-learning processes. Findings were as follows. First, in terms of hierarchy of needs, the six members could all meet their needs through dance learning. Except for the safety needs, other conative needs such as physiological needs, love and belonging needs, esteem and self-actualization were satisfied, also were the cognitive and aesthetic needs. The results were generally in accordance with Maslow’s theory. Second, from the approaches of self-actualization, all the six members fulfilled their needs of self-actualization by making the best use of the eight ways to self-actualize. These ways were as follows: (a) they could throw themselves into and concentrate on dancing and dance to their heart’s content; (b) they could go on choosing the joy of growth, rather than happiness over safety; (c) they could hear their inner-feeling voices calling for learning dance; (d) they could honestly face the demands of dancing and have the courage to take up responsibilities; (e) regardless of what others thought of dancing, they could persist in dancing; (f) the process of practicing diligently, enduring tough physical and mental trainings and making great efforts was inevitable; (g) they could make their peak experiences in dance and use them duly in their performances; and (h) they could conquer themselves, and get rid of every kind of mental obstacles that would prevent them from dancing. Third, in respect of the four major stages of the interviewees’ dance-learning processes, in the pre-entry stage, participants had formed their different motivations about dancing and they all started to love dancing from a long time ago. Also, they began to choose their directions of further development. In the initial stage, dance satisfied more participants’ needs at this time, especially physiological needs, love and belonging needs, cognitive and aesthetic needs. Because these participants really liked Yuimen’s dances, they were willing to endure every kind of hardship they encountered along the way. In the advanced stage, these participants were able to turn their difficulties into forces that motivated them. They always strived to be the best, always worked for the better and reflected on themselves constantly. At the same time, they were able to take up responsibilities, kept being diligent and faced all external and internal hindrances bravely. They used their peak experiences to move not only themselves but also the audience on the stage. They met their needs of esteem and self-actualization. Finally, at the current stage, these interviewees were able to enjoy their confidence and their beautiful changes. They were braver in showing themselves. They also believed that they would stay in the Yuimen Dance Group to enjoy dancing, help out soliciting new students and prepare themselves for new challenges. Moreover, the study found that needs and ways to self-actualize came up alternatively. To meet their needs, individuals will use different ways until the needs were satisfied and the next one emerged. Then the interviewees would evaluate which way was the most suitable one. The similar process would go on and on until they completed their on stage performances and achieved their self-actualization. Finally, on the basis of the results and discussions, some constructive suggestions were proposed for the modern women, the authorities concerned, and the future researches.

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