定位投籃與跳投投籃在力學特徵上的比較與分析

Biomechanical comparison and analysis between Jump and Set Shots

楊芳銘(Fung Ming Yang)

指導教授 ： 張家豪

國立臺灣師範大學/運動與休閒學院/體育學系在職進修碩士班/碩士(2010年)

摘要

目的：比較在4.25m、5.25m二種距離下，定位投籃與跳躍投籃的1.投籃蹬伸時序2、其它運動學參數的差異與相關，並分析此結果的造成原因。方法：使用高速攝影機（250Hz）拍攝10位國三男生在4.25m與5.25m處的定位投籃與跳躍投籃的影像資料，每位置每人各5球，使用Kwon3D軟體分析影片，再使用SPSS 13.0版統計軟體，以二因子重複量數變異數分析與皮爾森積差相關方法比較：1.上下肢各關節的蹬伸動作時序。2.投籃歷時、下蹲歷時、下蹲期膝角位移與角平均速度、舉球期肩角位移與角平均速度、出手期肘角平均速度、出手期腕角平均速度、出手瞬間腕、肘、肩、髖、膝、踝角度等14項變數。3.在4.25m、5.25m二處跳躍投籃，其出手時機與出手跳躍高度2個變數的差異（α＝.05）。4.下蹲期膝角位移與角平均速度、舉球期肩角位移與角平均速度、出手期肘角平均速度、出手期腕角平均速度等6個變數的相關。結果：1.投籃蹬伸時序為肩→髖→膝→踝→肘→腕者，發生次數為146次（佔73％），其它則有54次。2.跳躍投籃比定位投籃有較快的下蹲期膝角平均速度（p＜.05）、下蹲期歷時（p＜.05），與較大的出手髖、膝、踝角度（p＜.05）。3.在全資料裡，下蹲期膝角平均速度與舉球肩角位移成正相關（p＜.01），而與出手肘角平均速度成負相關（p＜.05），而舉球肩角位移和舉球肩角平均速度也各與出手肘角平均速度成負相關（p＜.01）。結論：本研究不論是定位投籃或是跳躍投籃其投籃蹬伸時序皆為以肩引導開始，下肢傳向上肢的形式。跳躍投籃比定位投籃，下蹲較快、時間較短，出手瞬間的髖、膝、踝角度也較大。投籃時較快的下蹲，下蹲較深，舉球幅度較大，推肘卻較慢，同樣的，較快的舉球，也導致推肘較慢，二者都可能有上肢省力的效果。

關鍵字

跳投 ； 垂直跳 ； 動力鏈 ； 牽張反射

並列摘要

Purpose: To find the shooting sequence and to compare the differences of the shooting kinematical variables between Jump and Set Shots. Methods: The high speed video camera photographed and recorded the shooting parameters of 10 graduating 9th grade male students who performed Jump and Set Shots at 4.25m and 5.25m. 5 successful shooting of each shot type were performed at 2 distances. The Kwon3D was used to analyse the image and the SPSS 13.0 was used for two way ANOVA and correlation statistics. The parameters included: 1.the shooting sequence of upper and lower extremities; 2. the differences of the shooting time, squat time, angular displacements and velocities of, the wrist, elbow, shoulder, hip, knee, and ankle joints; and 3. The correlation between the shooting time , the squat time, and the angular displacements and velocities. The α level was set as .05. Results: 1. The shooting sequence of the joint was from shoulder, hip, knee, ankle, elbow, to wrist. 2. Faster angular velocities of squatting knee, shorter squat time, and larger shooting angular of hip, knee, ankle were found in Jump Shot than Set Jump (p ＜.05). 3. The positive correlation was noted between angular velocity of squatting knee and the angular displacement of the shoulder (p ＜.01). The negative correlations were also found between the angular velocity of squatting knee and angular velocity of elbow (p ＜.05), and between the angular displacement of the shoulder and the angular velocity of elbow (p ＜.01). Conclusion: The results from this study indicated that the basketball shooting was taken from shoulder and then from lower limb to upper limb. Shorter period of shooting, squatting faster and deeper, larger angular of hip, knee, and ankle while shooting, and slower angular velocity of elbow were found in Jump Shot than Set Shot.

並列關鍵字

jump shot, ； vertical jump ； kinetic chain ； stretch shortening cycle

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