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  • 學位論文

我國文武關係探討-以國防體制之「文人領軍」為例

A Study of the Civil-Military relationship –Civilian Control of Military in Taiwan, Republic of China

指導教授 : 蔡昌言
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摘要


本文研究的主要目的,是探知政治民主化過程中,我國「文武關係」發展的歷程與變化,俾以瞭解國軍在「文武關係」上的困境。基此,本研究主要透過文獻探討法、歷史研究法與調查研究法,採質量併用的研究方法,分析我國「文武關係」本質與互動模式之變化。本研究探討內容是以國防體制為物件,先以「文人領軍」現行法制及作法等加以探討,再分由歷史演變的觀點及調查統計的作為,針對我國國防體制之「文人領軍」予以探討分析,瞭解我國目前「國防二法」通過以後,國軍體制正式回歸「文人領軍」的特徵、理念與落實的差異,再從分析「國防決策權責與軍文分際、國防體制與組織文化衝擊、文武人才培育與運用」三個主要顯現「文人領軍」深層意涵的意識型態,以發掘理論認知及政策落實不足之所在,以為檢討改進之參考。 就研究發現可知,我國文武關係的演變,受到政治民主化的影響,隨著政黨輪替及國防體制法制化,已逐步達到「軍隊國家化」「文人領軍」與「軍事專業化」的境界。總結本研究發現之重點,予以歸納如下:一、軍人是高尚的職業且為崇高專業角色;二、文武緊張導因於文化及認知的差異性;三、國軍貫徹軍隊國家化嚴守中立獲肯定;四、文人領軍為結合現實需要未克竟全功;五、國防文官體制存有多面向之矛盾衝突;六、軍事專業教育是文武調和的基礎工程。 本研究建議:依研究目的所述,總結問卷調查提出之「文人領軍」理念落實策進之作為外,並針對本研究發現之窒礙,提出政策建議如下:一、現役職業軍人-應以法律訂定軍人轉任高階文官限制條款;二、文人國防部長-需任命具有軍事戰略領導能力並熟稔國防事務者;三、國防文職官員-需進用具有軍事專業教育背景之高軍事素質文官;四、國防大學-建立國防文官制度之國防及軍事專業教育暨訓練體系;五、國防文官體系-延續國防部文官化擴大國防文官職位範圍;六、立法院-國防委員會設具專業學能及中立的「國防事務研究室」。

並列摘要


This research intends to explore the development and change of the civil-military relations in the process the political democratization of the Republic of China (ROC), in order to have an insight of the ROC Armed Forces’ dilemma on civil-military relations. Mainly through methods of document study, historical research and survey research, and based on both qualitative and quantitative analysis, the theme of this research is to analysis the change of the nature and interactive mode of ROC’s civil-military relations. The subject of this research is national defense system. The current legal system and practice concerning the civil-military relations will be addressed first. This research will continue to expound and analysis the civilian control of military in the ROC’s national defense system through the lens of history and statistical investigation, in order to have a clear picture of the characteristics, and the gap between the idea and practice of the implementation of civil control of the military. This research will also explore the reasons causing lack of theoretical awareness and the malimplementation of the policy of civilian control of military through the analysis of three main ideologies that demonstrate the deep meanings of the civil control of military, namely: the authority over national defense decision and the civil-military relations, national defense system and the impact of organization culture, and the cultivation and utilization of civilian and military, in order to provide a point of reference for the future national defense policy makers. This research finds that influenced by the political democratization, political party alternation and legalization of national defense system, the development of civil-military relations in the ROC are moving towards nationalization of the military, civilian control of the military and military professionalization. This research concludes that: 1) the military is a noble and a highly-professional profession; 2) the cause of the civil-military tension is caused by the cultural and awareness gap; 3) the ROC Armed Forces’ observation of the principle of the nationalization of the military and military neutrality in politics is recognized; 4) the reason that the principle of civilian control of military is not fully implemented is the practical needs need to be met; 5) contradictories between civil service systems within the national defense organization; and 6) professional military education (PME) is the foundation of a harmony civil-military relation. Based on the purpose of research, the results of the questionnaires with regards to how to implement and improve the principle of civilian control of the military, and the difficulties encountered during the research process, suggestions on policy derived from this research are: 1) a law concerning the servicemen on active duty transferring to high-ranking civilian positions should be stipulated; 2) only the man or woman who possesses the military strategy leadership capabilities and is familiar with national defense matters is qualified to be appointed as the Minister of National Defense; 3) only highly-professional-military-educated male or female civilian officials are qualified to serve in the Ministry of National Defense; 4) the National Defense University should establish an education and training system to address national defense matters and PME, for the purpose of facilitating a civil service system for national defense; 5) a civil service system for national defense should be established to continue civil service and increase positions for civil officials in the in the national defense system; and 6) a professional and neutral “Office for National Defense Affairs Research” should be established under the Legislative Yuan’s Foreign and National Defense Committee .

參考文獻


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