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科學中心營運策略之研究-以國立臺灣科學教育館為例

指導教授 : 黃光男
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摘要


國立臺灣科學教育館將深奧的科學知識轉化成為大眾都能了解的「具體」形式,使學生及民眾透過科學探索體驗,認知科學之奇、欣賞科學之美,培養科學學習的興趣、強調科學精神融入生活中、實踐科學之用,傳遞正確科學知識、提升全民科學素養。本研究主要目的在探討國立臺灣科學教育館的定位與功能、OT型態對營運與發展之影響、現行自營型態及未來營運的挑戰與策略。透過文獻蒐集探討及深度訪談法之質性研究法,進行研究。 本研究結果,在科教館的定位與功能方面:科教館常年推動科學普及教育、縮短城鄉科教資源差距、培育青少年科學人才及參加國際科學競賽,為我國學校體系外唯一兼具「實驗、展示、推廣」功能之科學 教育機構,組織與功能極為重要,具有不可替代性。 OT型態對科教館發展的影響方面:委外經營雖可撙節政府人事成本,惟致科教館組織弱化與不健全,影響優質永續發展;科教館核心價值在普及全民受教育之公共利益,而民間參與廠商之核心價值係在創造企業最大利潤,以商業利益為導向;科學教育普及服務層面雖擴及學齡前期兒童,惟未普及各年齡層觀眾,致服務客層窄化;委外經營雖可節省館舍設施修繕維護人力及預算,惟受制「委外」定位,設施與展品更新等機制,不易爭取政府編列預算支持。 科教館現行自營型態方面:科教館已積極擬定短、中期程營運計畫、積極發揮全方位科教館功能、提升科教專業公共服務品質、落實組織再造與永續社教發展、建立以時間、空間及專業各面向兼顧、館內、館外環境系統相互貫通、專家諮詢機制、採行優點管理及蒐集分析各界意見融合眾智為實施原則、展示質優之服務措施,發揮政府公共建設之最大效益,實現全民科教之理想為經營策略、設主題導覽、建置主題導覽網頁、策劃辦理特展、擴大輔導並培育優秀科學人才,持續結合社會資源擴大辦理科學教育週活動、行動科教館下鄉服務、科教出版品、輔助偏遠學校及弱勢學童科學教育活動、爭取企業贊助推動科教工作及發展策略聯盟等。 未來營運的策略方面:優質科教館指標與經營策略手冊於97年9月建構完成,針對願景、領導、展覽、教育活動、觀眾服務、館務行銷、專業發展、資源整合、及科教文化等標各別發展出經營策略。科教館應據以作為館務營運之專業導向依據並精進發展優質、創新、普及、永續的科教專業。 經由資料分析與結論,期望本研究能引導社會大眾,關心國立臺灣科學教育館的營運發展,所提出具體建議,供爾後相關學術研究或科教館研擬營運政策之參考。 關鍵字:科教館、科學中心、營運策略、質性研究

並列摘要


The National Taiwan Science Education Center ( NTSEC) is devoted the cause, turning the profound science knowledge into a concrete formation so as to be understood by the people in all walks of life. Thus, through the exploration or search for science , all students and the public could recognize the rare or strange of science , appreciate its pretty and fineness , increase their study interests in it , and put emphasis on the scientific spirits to be included in the people daily life. In addition, it could carry out the application of science, communicate the correct scientific knowledge, and promote the cultivation level of science for the people at large. This research is mainly designed to discuss the position of NTSEC and its functions, the impact of OT type on the NTSEC current operation and its future development, and the challenge and strategy to the present type of governmental self-operation and its forthcoming policy. This study is conducted by means of the correction of literature in science, the discussion of records and documents, and the interviews in depth. The results of this research are as follows: 1. In the field of the position of NTSEC and its functions: The NTSEC is always responsible for promoting the universal science education, narrowing the gap of science education resources between the cities and villages, cultivating the scientific talents for the youth and teenage, and participating in the international science contests. Hence, the NTSEC is the unique educational organization out of the school system in the ROC to be composed of the functions such as the laboratory, the exhibition, and the promotion. In view of this, the organization and functions are very important and there is no substitute for them at all. 2. The impact of OT type on the future development for NTSEC: Although the OT- type operation could economize the governmental personnel costs, yet it will weaken the NTSEC organization so as to decrease its functions and affect its forever good development in no doubt. The nucleus value of NTSEC is vested in the public interests to conduct the universal education for the people in all walks of life, while that of the private enterprise is to create its own greatest profits and business interests. The service level of the science education performed by the private units is broadened to the pre-schooling children, but it does not include the audience for the whole spectrum of ages so that the service scope for the public is narrowed. Although the OT could save the manpower and budget of the repair and maintenance for the NTSEC buildings and facilities, yet because of the OT, it is difficult for the Center to ask the requisition from the government budget in support of the renovation for the exhibition items. 3. In the aspect of the current governmental self-operation policy for the NTSEC : The NTSEC has so far completed the short- and medium-range operation programs, positively expands its full-spectrum functions, upgrades the public service quality for the science education profession, implements the reform of organization and permanent development of social education. Besides, the Center puts its emphasis on such factors as the time, the space, and the professions, conducts the mutual communication with the outer environment systems, establishes the organization and system so as to inquire the advises from specialists, to adopt the meritorious management , to collect and analyze the concept and opinions from all levels, and to show its best service measurement. In addition, the NTSEC is also to expand the maximum cost-effectiveness for the government public establishment, and carries out the ideal science education for all the people so that the Center could give its all efforts to do the followings : To set up the subject guidance and explanation, to establish the web site of the said guidance, to make the special exhibitions, to expand assistance and cultivate the excellent scientific talents, to continuously take advantage of the resources to widen the scope for the implementation activities of science education weeks, to make good use of the NTSEC mobile facilities, serving the persons at village, to issue the publications of science education, to assist the schools in the remote areas and the inferior pupils in the aspect of science education, and to gain the supports from the private enterprises so as to promote the education and develop the strategic allies, etc. 4. In the field of the future operation strategy: The manual of good-quality index for the NTSEC and its operation strategy has been published since September of 2008 so as to include the following contents: The best wishes, the leadership, the exhibition, the educational activities, the services extended to the audience, the management of its operation, the professional development, the integration of various resources, and the science education. The NTSEC could use this manual as a basis to direct its operations in order to further develop the best- quality operation, the initiatives, and the universal and permanent science profession. It is my sincere hope that the conclusion and analysis of this research could be used as a reference to the social public concerned with the NTSEC operation development. Key words: NTSEC, science center, operation strategy, quality research.

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