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  • 學位論文

諮商心理師參與禪修正念團體的經驗知覺與影響之研究

The Study of “Mindfulness Group” toward the perceptions and the influences of Counselors

指導教授 : 金樹人 田秀蘭
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摘要


本研究旨在探討諮商心理師參與「禪修正念團體」的經驗知覺與影響。其中包括對「自我觀照」與「諮商實務」的影響,並探究歷程中的自我書寫與結束後的經驗敘說之意義。研究參與者為公開招募的七位諮商心理師,年齡介於34至53歲之間。以連續八週的週間團體,暨一次正念日的方式進行。團體結束後,以個別訪談所蒐集之逐字稿作為資料分析的文本,並以敘事研究法「類別內容」進行資料分析,所得結果如下: 首先,研究參與者對參與禪修正念團體的經驗方面,對團體氛圍的知覺包括放鬆、包容、接納、充滿能量,過程中少用語言。對團體開展的體驗,包括身體覺察、從專注中啟動感恩、觀照當下身心狀態、以調息放鬆來穩定情緒、以及行禪是受用的要項。對領導者的知覺為溫暖接納、看似無作實則有作、隱喻故事帶來內在觸動。透過這些經驗與知覺,參與者繼而說明參與團體的想像、形容與歷程中的自我知覺。 其次,在禪修正念團體對自我觀照的影響方面,在生理層面,參與者能傾聽身體訊息,反思索求的慣性,改變與身體的關係,從中培養平等觀;在心理層面,從向外攀緣到內觀覺察,從需要控制明確到能隨順安在於各種境緣,從混亂波動的狀態到能靜定不受擾,對宗教從敬畏、保持距離到發願效法其精神;在人我關係層面,能調整自我與人我關係,從形象到背景的整體觀照,轉化抱怨以消融對立,慈心觀的次第轉化,善盡自己所能,不期待他人回應。 第三,在禪修正念團體對諮商實務的影響方面,參與者藉由自我調整與轉變,理解善意,放下批判,培養柔軟,以脈絡觀看事情,在諮商與督導實務中實踐所學,教個案調息,懸置假設,重視身體訊息,以直觀取代分析。而禪修正念團體對參與者的省思,包括專業表徵化,忽略個體內在資源,期待增加自我觀照、放鬆、身體覺察、以及慈心禪之類的課程。 最後,在團體歷程自我書寫與團體結束後經驗敘說的意義方面,從分立到融合的諮商師角色,從有體空的諮商關係視框轉變,向內觀照與自己對話,體解生命經驗的轉化粹練,讓自己沈穩靜定,降低被外在經驗影響的可能。 此外,本研究針對研究結果進行綜合討論,並提出具體建議,供未來諮商研究與實務參考。

並列摘要


This study examined the perceptions and transcendences of counselors in participation of “Mindfulness group”, described the group influences of counselor’s “self -observing” and “counseling practice,” explored the self-writing during the group process and the narrative meanings of the group experiences. Seven participants in this study were recruited and are within age 34-53. Mindfulness group was held 2.5 hours per week for eight weeks, and one mindfulness-day was added. The researcher has interviewed the participants and has analyzed the data by the method of categorical- content perspective of narrative research. The results were showed: 1. The experiences that counselors participated in the mindfulness group: (1) the perceptions of group atmospheres were full of relaxation, acceptance, energy and less in use of languages. (2) the experiences that were carried out in the group: awareness of body and inner dialogue, appreciation from concentration, being focus on the physical and mental present, emotional stability by use of relaxation, the beneficent of walking meditation. (3) the perceptions on the leader: the leader was warm and showed acceptance, letting the things taken their own courses, using the metaphors to bring the internal connection. The imaginations, descriptions, and self-perceptions of the experiences also were described. 2. The influences on self-observing of counselors participated in mindfulness group: (1) physical dimension: listening to the body messages, reflecting the habits of demanding, conversing the relationships with the body, developing the ideas of the equality. (2) mental dimension: gaining the awareness from outer to inner, being in the different situations and putting down the control and insistences, being in the calmness instead of the chaos, removing the mysteries of the religion from veneration to taking Buddha as a model. (3) intrepersonal dimension: self-modifications and adjustments of the interpersonal relationship, the overall views from the figure to the ground, conversing the complaints and dispelling the oppositions, the step-by-step transformations of the “loving-kindness –meditation”, being myself and not to asking for equal replies of the others. 3. The influences on counseling practices: self-adjustments and modifications, understanding the positive meanings, forgiving up the harsh critiques, developing the soft mind, seeing the things in the views of the context, expressing the group learning in counseling and the supervisions, teaching the clients to breathe, making assumption as a blank, focusing on body-messages, letting instinct overriding the analysis. The inspirations of mindfulness on the counselor: overly emphasizing the professionalism, overlooking the internal resources of the individual. The self-care, relaxation, body awareness, and the loving-kindness meditation of lessons were needed. 4. The meanings of self –writings during the group processes and of the narrative after ending the group processes: the counselor role in the process of separation to integration, shifting the view of seeing the counseling relationships, paying attention to the internal self-care, having a clear focus on coherent themes, understanding the transcendences of life experiences, and being in a still and peace state, decreasing the possibilities that been influenced by the outer experiences. Finally, based on the findings the researcher provided the concrete suggestions for counselors and related researchers for future study.

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


顏采如(2014)。正念減壓課程對醫療人員身心健康之初探〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342%2fNTU.2014.02101

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