大學生成癮物質使用行為及其影響因素模式之建構與檢證－以臺北地區為例

Construction and Validation of A Model of Using Addictive Substances and the Relevant Factors among College Students:Taipei Area as an Example

李建明(Jane-Minge Lee)

指導教授 ： 李景美

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/健康促進與衛生教育學系/博士(2011年)

摘要

研究背景
近年來隨著臺灣社會經濟的蓬勃發展，人民衣食豐足，追求高品質的生活，卻常有諸多文明病之產生，同時更為了因應工作或課業壓力，以及人際關係溝通等問題，因而導致飲食失調、體能不足等不利於身心健康之行為。大學生是國家未來的棟樑，國家的興盛衰敗則繫於學生身心健康之良窳；另一方面，在社會結構快速的變遷下、價值觀的改變，以及來自於個人、家庭、學校和社會環境各方面的壓力，進而導致吸菸、飲酒、嚼食檳榔及濫用藥物等許多危害健康行為於焉而生。於此，本研究針對大學生來探討究竟是個人因素、家庭因素或學校因素會影響到其成癮物質使用行為，實為目前從事高等教育相關工作者所應重視之議題。
研究目的
本研究嘗試建構一個影響大學生成癮物質使用行為的理論模型，並希冀能透過實徵資料分析，運用生態系統理論來加以檢視大學生成癮物質使用行為是否受到社會人口學變項、個人、家庭、及學校因素的影響？以及進一步由社會人口學變項、個人、家庭、及學校等因素，檢視其對成癮物質使用的效果與預測力。
研究方法
針對臺北市、新北市30所國（市）、私立大學及科技大學等四類日間部大學生為研究對象，並進行兩階段樣本選取，第一階段先隨機抽取10所學校，第二階段再細分為人文與社會類（文、法、商）及科技與自然科學類（理、工、農、醫）等兩大類別進行調查，研究發出1,300份問卷，有效樣本數共為1,140份，回收率為87.6%。研究分析則運用SPSS 18.0版、AMOS 17.0版等統計套裝軟體進行百分比次數分配和平均數、因素分析、多元迴歸及結構方程模式（SEM）等方法，並針對本研究所建構的影響大學生成癮物質使用行為的理論模型，進行實證資料分析。
研究結果與發現
一、臺北地區的大學生有著較低的嚼食檳榔、成癮藥物等使用行為；在飲酒方面，高達61％比率有飲酒行為；而吸菸方面，亦高達17％有吸菸行為。
二、大學生的社會人口學變項（性別、家庭結構、母親職業、居住地區、就讀年級、就讀學校類型）可解釋成癮物質使用行為變異量約10％。
三、個人因素中的自尊及人格特質對大學生成癮物質使用行為有直接影響。
四、個人、家庭和學校因素約可解釋大學生成癮物質使用行為的8％。

根據研究結果，本研究針對如何有效降低大學生的成癮物質使用行為提出若干建議，以及未來研究之可行方向，以提供給個人、學校、及教育相關的防制與支持系統，並冀望學校或政策部門能制定重要衛生政策，儘早擬定完善配套措施，俾使後續衛生教育暨研究能有更大的貢獻。

關鍵字

大學生 ； 成癮物質 ； 藥物濫用 ； 生態系統理論 ； 結構方程模式

並列摘要

In recent years, with the booming economy followed by an abundant supply of food and clothing in Taiwan, people pursue high quality of life and often result in diseases of civilization. Meanwhile, coping with work or school stress and interpersonal communication problems also leads to unhealthy lifestyles both physically and mentally, such as eating disorders and lack of physical activity. College students are the future of our country, and a country's prosperity is tied to the quality of students’ physical and mental health. However, a variety of health risk behaviors have emerged, such as smoking, drinking, chewing betel nut and drug abuse, under the influence of the rapid changes in the social structure and social values, and the stress from individuals, families, schools and all aspects of the social environment. Therefore, the current study investigated how individual, family or school environment factors affected the use of addictive substances among the college students. This is indeed a serious issue to be concerned by workers involved in higher education.

Objective: This study aims to construct a theoretical model that describes the use of addictive substances by college students. Through the empirical data analysis and the application of the ecological systems theory, the current study examined whether using addictive substances by college students was affected by socio-demographic variables, individual, family and school environment factors. This study further investigated the effects and the predictive power of socio-demographic variables, individual, family and school environment factors.

Methods: The population included college students in 30 universities from four categories (national/municipal/private universities and the universities of science and technology) located in the Taipei City and New Taipei City, and a two-phase sampling procedure was adopted. In the first phase, ten universities were randomly selected; they were further divided into two categories in the second phase: Humanities and Social Sciences (literature, law, and business) and Technology and Nature Science (science, engineering, agriculture, and medicine). Thirteen hundred questionnaires were distributed, and among them, a total of 1140 copies were valid with a return rate of 87.6%. Data were analyzed by using SPSS (version 18.0) and AMOS (version 17.0) to perform percent frequency distribution, average, factor analysis, multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM). Based on the model constructed in the current study, empirical data analysis was carried out to describe the use of addictive substances by college students.

Results:
1.Few college students in the Taipei District chewed betelnuts and used drugs. Up to 61% of students drink alcohol and 17% of students smoked.
2.The social demographic variables, including gender, family structure, mother's occupation, residence, academic year and university category, accounted for 10% of the variance of using addictive substances.
3.Individual factors, such as self-esteem and personality traits, showed a direct influence on the use of addictive substances by college students.
4.Individual, family and school environment factors accounted for 8% of the variance of using addictive substances.

Based on the study findings, the current study proposed several suggestions on how to effectively reduce the use of addictive substances by college students and directions for future research. The results provide insight to the prevention and support system at the level of individuals, schools and education-related departments, in the hope that schools or policy departments can establish critical health policies and develop a comprehensive package of measures as soon as possible so that follow-up health education and studies will create more research findings.

並列關鍵字

college students ； addictive substances ； drug abuse ； ecological systems theory ； structural equation modeling

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