影響孕婦服用營養補充劑行為之相關因素研究

張雪子

指導教授 ： 楊慕慈

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/衛生教育學系在職進修碩士班/碩士(2002年)

摘要

摘 要
本研究主要目的在於瞭解孕婦服用營養補充劑之現況，並探討個人背景因素、社會心理因素及環境因素與孕婦服用營養補充劑行為的關係。以民國91年8月21日至91年9月26日在台北市某醫院接受產前檢查，且懷孕28週以上的孕婦為研究對象，並利用自填問卷進行資料收集，共得有效樣本303人。所得資料以T-test、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、複迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析，重要結果歸納如下：
一、93.1﹪的研究對象於懷孕期間曾經服用營養補充劑，43.9﹪為規
則服用，平均服用1.88種的營養補充劑，服用種類以綜合維生
素最多，其原因為補充胎兒及母體的營養。
二、87.9﹪的研究對象在選購或服用營養補充劑之前會檢視標示，但是其中44.8﹪的人無法理解標示中的「專有名詞」、「劑量」及「成分」，平均有1.77種項目是研究對象無法理解的。
三、研究對象所獲得之社會支持，主要來源為配偶，其服用營養補充劑的自我效能以及相關知識屬中等程度，對於服用營養補充劑的結果期望得分偏低。
四、研究對象對於營養補充劑訊息的來源主要為親朋好友，平均每週接受到1.81次營養補充劑訊息，近半數的受試者，看到相關營養補充劑訊息後會嘗試服用。
五、研究對象「懷孕前服用營養補充劑的習慣」與懷孕期服用營養補充劑行為呈顯著差異。服用營養補充劑的社會支持與自我效能、營養補充劑知識、服用營養補充劑結果期待及評價與孕期服用營養補充劑行為呈正相關。「家人服用情形」、「訊息來源」與孕期服用營養補充劑行為呈正相關；「家中是否有營養補充劑」、「看了相關訊息後是否嘗試服用」與孕期服用營養補充劑行為呈負相關；「接觸訊息的頻率」與孕期服用營養補充劑行為無顯著相關。
六、研究架構相關變項對懷孕期間服用營養補充劑行為變異的預測力為52.2﹪。「孕前服用營養補充劑的情形」、「服用營養補充劑自我效能」、「服用營養補充劑結果期待與評價」與「家中是否有營養補充劑」四個變項對懷孕期間服用營養補充劑行為具有51.3﹪解釋力。

關鍵字

孕婦 ； 營養補充劑 ； 自我效能

並列摘要

The Purpose of this study is to investigate the usage patterns of nutritional supplements of pregnant women, and to identify factors that may influence behavior of pregnant women on the usage patterns of nutritional supplements. By using purposive sampling method, 303 pregnant women were selected to participate in this survey. Data were collected by a self-administrated questionnaire in the hospital in August 2002. The data were analyzed and compiled from the statistics of T-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-momwnt correlation and multiple regressions.
The main findings of present study were as follows：
1. Approximately 93﹪of the subjects have ever taken nutritional supplement, 43.9﹪are regularly. The most commonly used supplements were multivitamin.
2. Around 87.9% of the subjects are reviewing the indication before they purchase or take any nutritional supplement. Half cannot realize the “professional nouns”, “dosage” and “ingredients” on the indications. There are average 1.77 kinds of items, which the respondents cannot understand.
3. The subjects obtain few supports from the public, mainly from their husbands. Their self-efficacy of usage pattern of nutritional supplements and the related knowledge were belonging to medium level. The expectations about nutritional supplements of pregnant women from the subjects were comparatively low.
4. The subjects took the supplementation due to the recommendation by relatives and friends. The frequency of information given was averagely 1.81 times per day. Nearly half respondents would have a try to take nutritional supplements after learning the related information.
5. The subjects’ behavior of using nutritional supplements is apparantly different between before preganent and after preganent. It presents that the society supports, self-efficacy, the related knowledge, expected results and evaluations are positive with the usage behavior of nutritional supplements. The situation is same to the relationship between family experiences, the sources of the information and the usage behavior during the period of pregnancy. “Any nutritional supplements at home?” and “try to take it after learning the related information?” are negative effects with the usage behavior. “The frequency of information contact” is nothing to do with the usage behavior.
6.The demographic characteristics, psychosocial variable and environment factors explained that the variance predictability is 52.2% from the total usage pattern of nutritional supplements among pregnant women. The variance items like “the status of nutritional supplements before pregnancy”, “self-efficiency from its usage”, “expectation and evaluation for it”, and “is there any nutritional supplements supplied at home?” are testified the persuasion with 51.3%.
Keywords：pregnant women、nutritional Supplements、self-efficiency

並列關鍵字

pregnant women ； nutritional Supplements ； -efficiency

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