中老年人運動行為與醫療就診記錄關係之研究

Relationship between Exercise Behavior and Medical Treatment on the Middle-Aged Population

蕭淑芬(Shu-Feng Hsiao)

指導教授 ： 卓俊辰

國立臺灣師範大學/運動與休閒學院/體育學系在職進修碩士班/碩士(2002年)

摘要

本研究的主要目的是瞭解中老年人的運動行為，並探討運動行為與醫療就診記錄的關係。本研究以900位中老年人為研究對象，實施運動行為與醫療就診問卷調查，共得有效問卷844份回收率達93.78﹪，包括男性中老年446位（52.84%）及女性中老年398位（47.16%），樣本遍佈於台閩地區。
本研究所得資料分別以描述性統計、卡方分析、獨立樣本T考驗、單因子變異數分析及多元迴歸等統計分析處理後，得重要結論如下：
（一）本研究之中老年人有47.87%具有規律運動習慣，其中男性規律運動人口為50.45% ，女性則有44.97%。
（二）探究沒有規律運動的主要原因是「沒有時間運動」，佔67.05%，其次為「沒有環境運動」，佔16.36﹪。
（三）61.02﹪的中老年人選擇以低強度運動，33.81﹪選擇中強度運動，仍有5.81﹪的中老年人選擇高強度的運動為主要的運動型態。37.80﹪的中老年人每週運動3次以上，而每次運動時間維持在30分鐘以上的中老年人佔41.82﹪。
（四）中老年人從事運動的目的以健康、興趣為主，男女的比例分別為76.91﹪及73.37﹪。運動後所獲得的收獲為健康及快樂，佔74.88﹪，與運動前的目標一致。
（五）年齡在61歲以上之中老年人有規律運動習慣者高於其他年齡層（p＜0.05）。
（六）本研究之中老年人全年平均醫療次數是7.16次。其中男性全年平均醫療就診次數為6.37次，顯著低於女性的8.04次（p＜0.05）。
（七）有規律運動習慣之男、女性全年平均醫療就診次數（5.06次與6.32次）顯著低於無規律運動習慣者（7.67次與9.44次）（p＜0.05）。
（八）從事中、高強度運動者全年醫療就診次數（5.02次與5.08次），顯著低於從事低強度運動者（8.49次）（p＜0.05）。
（九）每週運動3次的中老年人全年醫療就診次數（4.76次）顯著低於其他運動次數者（p＜0.05）。
（十）每次運動持續41~50分鐘者，全年醫療就診次數（2.94次）顯著低於其他運動時間者（p＜0.05）。

總結本研究發現，中老年人規律的運動行為的確可以減少醫療就診次數，降低醫療資源的支出，而未有規律運動習慣之中老年人比例仍在50﹪左右，可改善空間極大值得相關單位及體育專業人員共同努力推廣。

關鍵字

中老年 ； 規律運動行為 ； 醫療就診記錄

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to understand the exercise behavior of middle-aged population and to investigate the relationship between exercise behavior and the records of medical treatment of middle-aged population in Taiwan. The subjects included 446 males and 398 females whose age were over 40 years old. The data were collected from a questionnaire which containd their exercise behavior and the records of medical treatment. By using descriptive statistics, chi- square test, independent sample t test. one-way ANOVA and multiple regressions to analyzethose data respectively. The conclusions were:
1. 47.87 percent of the subjects in this study were involving in regular physical activities per week, the percentage of the regular exerciser of the male and female subjects were 50.45 percent and 44.97percent respectively.
2. The primary reason cause the most of the subjects who failure to exercise two or three times per week in this study was “too busy to exercise”. And the second excuse was “no environment to exercise “
3. In this study, about 37.80 percent of the subjects exercised at least three times per week, 41.82 percent of the subjects could exercise at least thirty minutes every time, and 61.02 percent of the subjects more likely enjoyed light strained exercise, 33.81 percent chosed moderate strained exercise, still 5.81 percent chosed high strained.exercise.
4. In the regular exercise group, 73.37 percent female and 76.91 percent male involved in physical activities primitively intended for healthy consideration and for interest reason. 74.88 percent of them really got health and happiness after the exercise, as what they thought.
5. The group who were over 61 years old is the highest ratio of regular exercises than any other groups (p<0.05), when the subjects were divided by age.
6. The average number of the medical treatment of the subjects in this study was 7.16 times per year. The average number of male’s medical treatments were 6.37 times lower than the female’s 8.04 times per year. (P<0.05)
7. The average number of the male and female subjects who were not regular exerciser each required medical care 7.67 and 9.44 times per year. Both are more frequent of medical treatment than the regular male and female exerciser (p<0.05), who needed medical treatments 5.06 and 6.32 times per year respectively.
8. The subjects who always involved in high or moderate strained exercise needed less medical cares than those who always involved in light strained exercise (p<0.05). The average numbers of medical treatments of the two groups were 5.02 times and 8.49 times respectively.
9. The subjects who involved in physical activities three times per week were less frequent for medical care than other subjects. (P<0.05)
10. The subjects who exercise last 41 to 50 minutes every time were less frequent for medical treatment than other subjects who were not (P<0.05).
In the study we found that the middle-aged people who had exercised regularly really decreased the munber of medical cares and saved medical expense. But there still had around 50% of middle-aged people didn’t have regular exerciser. Such was not really a good situation for medical expense and can be improved a lot. We hope the government and physical educational experts can work together and benefit to all peoples in the future.

並列關鍵字

Middle-Aged Population ； Exercise Behavior ； Medical Treatment

參考文獻

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