台北地區學齡前兒童飲食行為、飲食教養行為及其相關因素之探討

A study of Taipei preschool children's dietary behavior, food-related parenting behavior and related factors

梁藝馨(I-hsin Liang)

指導教授 ： 林薇

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/人類發展與家庭學系/碩士(2003年)

摘要

本研究主要目的在瞭解幼兒飲食行為、主要照顧者飲食教養行為之現況，並探討影響幼兒飲食行為及主要照顧者飲食教養行為之因素。以台北縣市3到6足歲幼兒之主要照顧者為研究對象，抽取16所幼稚園、托兒所，有效樣本為642份。研究工具為「幼兒飲食調查問卷」，包含「基本資料」、「知覺幼兒的體型」、「幼兒氣質」、「家庭用餐環境」、「飲食教養行為」及「幼兒飲食行為」六部份。研究結果發現，在主要照顧者飲食教養行為方面：教育程度較高之主要照顧者，飲食教養之限制性較高;對幼兒食物接受性的擔心程度較高之主要照顧者傾向採取高放任、低限制之飲食教養行為;幼兒氣質之活動量愈低、堅持度愈高，主要照顧者飲食教養行為之開明性愈高，幼兒之情緒強度愈高，主要照顧者愈常採取物質獎勵之飲食教養行為，幼兒之注意力分散度及堅持度愈高，幼兒飲食教養行為之限制性愈高。在幼兒食物接受性現況方面，五大類食物中，幼兒除了對蔬菜類食物接受性偏低外，對其他食物的接受性普遍都還不錯。在幼兒飲食行為之一般進食狀況方面：主要照顧者知覺幼兒後期體型太胖、較大兒童愈常陪幼兒一起用餐、家庭用餐氣氛愈好，幼兒一般進食狀況愈差;主要照顧者擔心幼兒食物接受性程度愈高及飲食教養行為開明性愈高、幼兒氣質之情緒強度愈高、家庭用餐狀況愈好，幼兒一般進食狀況愈好。在幼兒飲食行為之食物接受性的影響因素方面：母親體型過重、家庭社經愈低，幼兒之食物接受性愈差;主要照顧者知覺幼兒在嬰兒時期體型太胖及幼兒前期體型剛剛好、幼兒氣質之注意力分散度愈高、較大兒童愈常陪幼兒用餐、家庭用餐氣氛愈好、幼兒食物可獲性愈好、主要照顧者的飲食教養行為開明性及限制性愈高、放任性愈低，幼兒食物接受性愈好。而對於食物接受性較好之幼兒，主要照顧者擔心程度可能相對較低。

關鍵字

幼兒 ； 幼兒氣質 ； 家庭用餐環境 ； 飲食教養行為 ； 幼兒飲食行為

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status and related factors of the preschool children’ dietary behavior and food-related parenting behavior. The subjects were 642 caretakers looking after preschool children aged 3 to 6 from 16 day care centers and kindergartens in Taipei City and County. The caretakers have completed self- administered Children’s Dietary Behavior Questionnaire including demographic variables, Perceived Child Weight Scale, Child Temperament Scale, Family Meal Environment Scale, Food-Related Parenting Behavior Scale and Children’s Dietary Behavior Scale. The major factors contributing to food-related parenting behavior of the caretakers are their educational levels, their worry about children’s food acceptance and children’s temperament. The caretakers who received higher education have highly restrictive food-related parenting behavior and the caretakers who worry more about children’s food acceptance have higher permissive and lower restrictive food-related parenting behavior. When the children bear lower activity and higher persistence, their caretakers have higher authoritative food-related parenting behavior. In terms of food-related parenting behavior, if the children bear higher emotional intensity, their caretakers intend to award them materialistically. When the children bear higher distractibility and persistence, their caretakers have higher restrictive food-related parenting behavior. About children’s food acceptance, out of five food categories vegetable is of low acceptance while other categories are well-accepted. The major factors contributing to children’s dietary behavior (general behavior & food acceptance) of the children are perceived child weight and worry about children’s food acceptance by the caretakers, children’s temperament, family meal environment, food-related parenting behavior. In terns of general dietary behavior, the children who were perceived obesity aged from 4 to 6 by their caretakers, the children who often intake with older children, and the children who eat at nice family meal atmosphere have worse general behavior. When the caretakers worry more about children’s food acceptance and have higher authoritative food-related parenting behavior, their children have better general dietary behaviors. Generally speaking, the children who have better general dietary behavior have higher emotional intensity and better family meal conditions. The children who come from lower socioeconomic family and the children whose mother is overweight have poorer food acceptance. When the caretakers perceived their children who were obesity in the cradle and who were normal weight aged from 1 to 3, those children have better food acceptance. In terns of food acceptance, the children who bear higher distractibility, the children who often intake with older children, the children who eat at better family meal atmosphere, and the children who have better food availability by their caretakers have broader food acceptance. If the caretakers have higher authoritative, higher restrictive and lower permissive food-related parenting behavior, their children have better food acceptance. On the other hand, the caretakers may less worry about their children who have better food acceptance.

並列關鍵字

children ； children's temperament ； family meal environment ； food-related parenting behavior ； children's dietary behavior

參考文獻

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