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  • 學位論文

兩種建構取向教學模式對國小學生「自然與生活科技領域」科學學習表現之影響

The Effect of two Constructive Teaching Model on Primary School Students about “Science and Living Technology Areas”

指導教授 : 張景媛
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摘要


本研究主要目的為(一)分析兩種建構取向之教學模式(「科學寫作融入學習環教學模式」及「探究式教學模式」)對國小不同科學能力學習者其科學學習成就、科學學習態度與基本能力的影響,並進一步分析教學效果是否因不同的科學能力,而有差異。(二)探討不同科學能力學習者的科學寫作態度及科學學習歷程的心理建構之差異。(三)歸納影響學生科學表現之因素,提出建構取向教學模式的實施原則,以供教學實務者參考。為達致上述研究目的研究者採用行動研究、統計分析及質性研究三種研究法來進行研究,分為三個部分加以說明。 第一部分主要針對研究目的一,研究者在此部分,採用行動研究。研究者以台北縣安儒(化名)國小四年級學生2個班級共63位學生為研究對象,進行本研究所建構的「科學寫作融入學習環教學模式」之前導性研究,從前導性研究所獲得的反思,修正教學模式後,在正式研究中實施。待研究結束後,選取研究者觀察實施「探究式教學模式」的兩個班級學生,共62位學生,以「科學能力」和「教學法」為自變項,「四下自然科學習成就測驗」、「科學學習態度量表」、「科學歷程技能測驗」與「問題解決能力測驗」之得分為依變項,分別進行二因子變異數分析及二因子多變項變異數分析,以考驗兩種教學模式對學生科學學習表現的效果;在質性研究部分,研究者透過錄音、錄影、訪談及觀察等資料,整理出研究者對兩種建構取向教學法的反思。 第二部分主要針對研究目的二,研究者在此部分,採用統計分析及質性研究法。在統計分析部分,研究者以接受「科學寫作融入學習環教學模式」的63位學生為研究對象,以「科學能力」為自變項,「科學寫作態度量表」為依變項,進行單因子多變項變異數分析,以比較不同能力學習者其科學寫作態度的差異。在質性研究部分,研究者透過錄音、錄影、訪談、量表及試卷等的資料,比較不同科學能力學習者在學習歷程其心理建構之差異。 第三部分主要針對研究目的三,研究者在此部份,使用「影響科學表現因素之訪談大綱」,訪談24位個案學生及3位個案教師;並結合學生上課表現之觀察紀錄,歸納出影響學生科學學習表現之因素。 綜合研究結果,本研究的主要發現如下: 一、兩種教學模式對國小學生科學學習表現之影響: 1.「科學寫作融入學習環教學模式」之學生相較於「探究式教學模式」,在自然科學習成就、科學歷程技能中的「推理能力」以及問題解決能力中的「實施步驟計畫能力」,表現較優。 2.「探究式教學模式」之學生相較於「科學寫作融入學習環教學模式」,在「科學學習重要性」之科學學習態度表現較優。 3.高科學能力學習者在「問題產生能力」上,優於中科學能力學習者與低科學能力學習者。 4.高、中科學能力學習者在自然科學學習成就與「問題重要性知覺」、「提出解決方法」能力上,優於低科學能力學習者。 二、研究者對兩種建構式教學模式實施效果產生十項的反思。 三、比較不同科學能力學習者在科學學習歷程其心理建構之差異: 包含初始狀態、轉換歷程及終點狀態,其心理建構,均有差異存在。歸類: 1.科學學習者類型:高科學能力學習者為「問題解決型學習者」、中科學能力學習者為「循規蹈矩型學習者」與低科學能力學習者為「孤立無助型學習者」。 2.科學寫作類型:高科學能力學習者為「技巧型寫作者」、中科學能力學習者為「努力型寫作者」與低科學能力學習者為「發展型寫作者」。 四、分析影響不同科學能力學生其科學學習表現之因素有八項。 最後,研究者歸納研究結論,並提出研究結果應用及未來相關研究之建議,作為學校教師教學以及未來研究之參考。

並列摘要


The main purpose of this study were conducted to: (a)explore the effects of two Constructive Teaching Models which were “Writing to Learn Science Integrate into Learning Cycle Instruction Model” and “Inquire Instruction Model” on Primary School Students’ science achievement, science learning attitude and basic skill performance; (b)explore distinct learners’ science writing attitude and the differences of Science Learning Process in mental construction; (c)induce the factors that affect students’ performance and bring the practical principles of Constructive Teaching Model to provide suggestions for implementation of science teaching. The researcher adopted Action Research, statistics analysis and Qualitative research to accomplish the study purposes. The details were as follows: 1. The fist part was mainly for the first purpose of this study, which adopted Action Research. The researcher chose Ann Ru Primary School in Taipei county as the participants that including 63 students from two classes. These participants proceed pre-experimental design on Writing to Learn Science Integrate into Learning Cycle Instruction Model to get reflections to correct teaching models. At the end of this study, two classes was selected and observed to participate in Inquire Instruction Model. The researcher took “Science Ability,” ”Teaching Method” as independent variables, and “Science Learning Achievement Test,” “Learning Attitude Toward Science and Basic Skill,” “the Science Process Skill Test” and “the Problem Solving Ability Test” as dependence variables using the method of two-factor ANCOVA and two-factor MANOVA to test the effects on two teaching models that promote science learning performance. Besides, in Qualitative research, the researcher concluded the reflections toward two Constructive Teaching Models by recording, video, observing and interviewing. 2. The second part was mainly for the second purpose of this study, which adopted statistics analysis and Qualitative research. In statistics analysis part, the researcher chose 63 students as the participants, which accepted Writing to Learn Science Integrate into Learning Cycle Instruction Model. The researcher took “Science Ability” as independent variable and “Science Writing Attitude Scale” as the dependent variable using the method of ANOVA to compare the differences in distinct learners’ science learning attitude. In Qualitative research part, the researcher compared the differences of distinct learners’ Learning Process in mental construction by recording, video, interviewing, scale and testing. 3. The third part was mainly for the third purpose of the study. The researcher used The Conspectus of Interview of the Factors that Effect Students’ Performance by interviewing 24 students and 3 teachers, and combined that with the observation record of students’ performance in class, and summed up the factors of affecting students’ learning performance of science. The results of the study were as follows: 1.About students’ performance of science. (1)The Instruction Model of Science Writing into the Learning Cycle enhanced students’ ability of inference in the process of learning science technique, and the ability of planning for action step. (2)Inquire Instruction Model, enhanced students’ attitude of learning science. (3)The high science ability learners were better than medium and low ones on the ability of problem-producing. (4)High and medium science ability learners were better than low ones on the achievement of natural science, the consciousness of the importance of problem, and the ability of problem-solving. 2.About the researcher’s reflection was10. 3.Compare the difference of psychological construct for the different science ability learners’ learning process toward science. There were differences among the entering behavior, process, terminal behavior in psychological construct. It could be classified to two styles as follows: (1)The learning style toward science: the high science capable learner was called Problem-Solving Learner, the middle science learner was called Law-Abiding Learner, and the low science learner was called Helplessness Learner. (2)The writing style toward science: the high science capable learner was called Skilled Writer, the middle science learner was called Struggling Learner, and the low science learner was called Developing Writer. 4.There were 8 factors which influence students’ learning performance toward science on two constructive orientation instruction modes. Finally, the researcher induced research conclusions, and offered some suggestions for applications and future research.

參考文獻


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