彰化地區存在許多違章與中小型工廠,散佈於都市郊區、農地或集村地區,其廢棄物與廢水常直接排放於水圳或土壤,長期造成土壤重金屬含量過高與其他環境污染課題,且導致人們罹病的環境風險亦因而提高。另台灣近年發生一些工業污染案,如台鹼安順廠、RCA桃園廠的土壤與地下水污染、彰化伸港戴奧辛鴨蛋等事件,使居民對人為與科技發展的環境風險產生高度疑慮。 本文以彰化縣和美鎮、伸港鄉、線西鄉與鹿港鎮為例,探討鄉村居民對於工廠之風險知覺特性。透過風險知覺描繪法,繪製居民的工廠風險知覺地圖,及分析風險知覺在空間上的特性。研究結果發現具有類似風險知覺之受訪者,具有空間聚集特性,且主要影響鄉村居民工廠風險知覺的主要因素,為受訪者對工廠的態度、污染經驗、對於社會的信任程度及個人特質,故建議政府應注重環境教育與風險溝通,提升環境風險知覺,以利環境政策推行。
A large number of illegal or small-medium factories widely spread in the suburbs or rural areas of Changhua. Their waste water or materials usually directly discharge to farmlands or drainages without any treatment. This phenomenon not only causes seriously heavy metal, toxic soil contamination and related pollution to the rural environment but also increases the perceived levels of risk for the rural residents. The major purpose of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of the rural residents’ environmental risk perception. The risk mapping method was applied to map the spatial distribution of the rural residents’ perceived risk. By using a spatial autocorrelation test, it shows that those who have similar perceived levels of risk will accumulate in the space. The findings of regression analysis show that the determinants of the perceived levels of risk are respondents’ attitudes toward factories, social trust, and pollution experiences.