論都市更新之財產權保障─以文林苑更新案為例

The study of Property Protection in Urban Renewal - The case of Wenlin-Yuan Urban Renewal Project

安　琪(Chi An)

指導教授 ： 游舜德

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/不動產與城鄉環境學系/碩士(2013年)

摘要

101年3月18日爆發「士林區陽明段一小段771-2地號等21筆土地都市更新案」(下稱文林苑更新案)爭議，即起因於臺北市政府依都市更新條例第36條強制拆除少數不同意戶2戶之地上建物，不同意戶進行激烈抗爭，認為都市更新侵害了憲法所規範保障之「財產權」與「生存權」，更侵害《公民與政治權利國際公約》、《經濟社會文化權利國際公約》所保障之「適足居住權」及「免受強迫驅逐之自由」，引起學者、學生團體及民間團體如都更受害者聯盟關注及聲援。而文林苑更新案所在位置即是臺北市政府依更新條例第六條所定之優先劃定更新地區，且以權利變換方式實施。

本研究以財產權保障觀點出發，對文林苑更新案狀況進行探討，輔以憲法上人民基本權之理念及公私協力理論分析本案。研究內容認憲法上程序保障原則於都市計劃法系中落實時，人民之財產權才有保障密度相對提高。本研究結論認為，財產權之程序保障體現於都市計畫法，首要即是尊重計畫高權原則，在以公權力為主要之實施主體之情形下擴大主管機關之管制權限，使主管機關得於後續執行階段，將屬廣義公私協力之範圍而共同履行之都市更新公共任務逕行強制接管，如此一來我國都市更新事業之效率將能有效提升。

關鍵字

都市更新 ； 財產權保障 ； 公私協力 ； 民眾參與 ； 文林苑

並列摘要

On March 18 2012 there was an outbreak of a controversial dispute for urban land renewal. It was about an urban renewal case for a small land section, particularly for the 21 parcels of lands at No. 771-2 at Yangming Section, Shilin District (hereinafter referred as Wenlin-Yuan Renewal Case). This dispute resulted from the Taipei City Government’s forced action in accordance with the Article 36 of the Urban Renewal Act of removing the buildings of two land owners among a small number of land owners who are not agreed with the urban renewal case. The disagreed land owners then proceeded with fierce struggles against the Taipei City Government because they thought this urban renewal not only infringed against the constitutional protection of "property rights" and "right to life", but further against “the right to adequate housing" and "freedom from forced evictions” as protected by the "International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights" and "International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights”. The struggles were concerned and in support by the academics, student groups and community organizations such as the Union for urban renewal victims. The location of Wenlin-Yuan Renewal Case is just the priority areas designated for renewal based on the Article 6 of the Urban Renewal Act, and was implemented in a manner of rights transformation.

This thesis is to study the condition and status of the Wenlin-Yuan Renewal Case, basically from the view of protecting property rights and supported by the view of the constitutional concept of people's basic rights as well as public private partnership, all is used in analysis of this Renewal Case. The study found only when the principle of constitutional procedural protection in the law on urban planning is implemented then the people can have the possibility of protection of property rights. The study concluded that the procedural protection of the property rights embodied in the Urban Planning Act primarily is based on respecting the high authority of the planning. Furthermore, the public power should be the main body of the implementation and the regulatory rights of the governing authority should be expanded to allow the governing authority may at a subsequent execution stage take over the urban renewal task, which is generally deemed as belonged to the scope of the public private partnership and joint implementation. This will help to increase the efficiency of the urban renewal business in our country.

並列關鍵字

Urban Renewal ； Property Protection ； Public-private Collaborative ； Public Participation ； Wenlin-Yuan

參考文獻

洪任遠，2007，《都市更新與少數之權利人保護》，國立臺灣大學法律學研究所碩士論文。

楊治平，2012，《都市更新過程中所有權人權益影響之研究─以台北市為例》，國立臺灣大學土木工程學研究所碩士論文。

林明鏘，1997，論我國都市更新法制，國立臺灣大學法學論叢第26卷第3期，頁91-132

李惠宗，2007，行政法要義，臺北：元照。

張金鶚，2011，張金鶚的都市更新九堂課，臺北：方智。