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  • 學位論文

我國志願士兵招募制度可行性之研究

The Feasibility of ROC Volunteer Soldier Service System

指導教授 : 顧慕晴
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摘要


為因應國家政、經環境變遷與社會民意期盼,配合行政院兵役制度改革、降低失業及縮短役男待役時間等既定政策規劃,我國國防部自民國92年起,開始試辦招募志願役士兵,就初期之招募成效而言,與預期目標有著相當大的距離。為建構符合國防需要與社會發展之兵役制度,在行政院「兵役制度全面檢討改進推動小組」指導下,國防部會同內政部完成「現行兵役制度檢討改進方案」,報經行政院會議審議通過,並納入行政院四年中程施政計畫(民國94年至97年),具體落實朝向「募兵為主」的徵募兵倂行制發展;在實務面上則檢討辦理志願士兵招募與士官制度調整,並適時檢討縮短義務役役期,以甄選優質人力,使長役期與高素質人力為未來基層部隊人員補充重點。未來在人力需求結構上,將考量逐次增加募兵比例,配合調整義務役役期,並依總員額調降規劃,逐步達成革新兵役制度與提升優質人力的目標。 本研究引用「可行性分析」及「政策評估」等相關理論觀點,研析招募專業志願士兵招募制度之可行性,並對兵役制度革新之影響,進而提供募兵政策、招募策略及相關研究領域之建議。 本論文以國防部自93年至97年區分「降低員額、編現合一」、「擴大招募、推動轉型」及「募兵為主、徵兵為輔」三個階段政策作為研析評估,並依可行性分析,檢視「專業士兵暨儲備士官」對國軍兵役制度革新及志願士兵招募制度成敗。主要發現如次:志願士兵招募制度從人力來源、國防預算、招募配置、法律問題及專業人才獲得的情況觀之,此制度的可行性尚有爭議,並非一蹴可幾就全面實施全志願役,需就目前各面向所面臨之實際情況而言,做整體問題的考量,所以,志願士兵招募制度仍有其檢討精進之處,現階段兵役制度仍以募徵併行為可行方案。 本論文之主要建議:一、形塑軍人社會地位,採行徵募併行制。二、慎重計算國軍總兵力,漸進式推動募兵制度。三、統由國軍人才招募中心負責招募。四、廣徵優質人力、增列女性納入服役。五、部隊企業化經營,完善的福利制度。

並列摘要


In order to respond the National policy, the economical transition and the social public’s expectation, by cooperating the Executive Yuan’s reform of the military service system, for the reduce the unemployment rate and to shorten the waiting time of the draftees for service, the Ministry of National Defense started up with an experimentation of enlistment of volunteer recruits service since the year 2003. As regards to the effect of recruiting in initial phase, there is still a quite distance to the expected goal. To create a service system that matches with the national defense demands and the social development of service system, under the guidance of “Military Service System Improvement and Promote Group” provided by Executive Yuan, the MND united the Ministry of Interior Affair and created the “ Current Military Service System Improvement Scheme”, this scheme has been approved by Executive Yuan, and also listed it into the medium-range administration plans. The scheme has been executed since the year 2005, and will last to the end of year 2008, in order to achieve the goal of “Volunteer Service” as the main source of the military service which is proceeded with the secondary source, the “Compulsory Service”, a combined development at the same time. This scheme not only makes a valuation of recruitment of volunteer soldiers system and the adjustment of non-commissioned officer system, but also shortens the service–term of the compulsory services, by selecting high-quality and long-term manpower, making them to be the mainly source of troop. Then, increasing gradually the rate of volunteers in the structure of manpower demands, adjusting the term of compulsories, and reducing the amount of military personnel, and progressively, reaching the goal of military service system innovation, and finally, promoting the quality of manpower. This research quotes from the theories and the viewpoints of “The Feasibility Analysis” and “The Policy Appraisal”. By using its correlation, analyzing the system of recruiting volunteers into service and the possibility of carry-out policy, and the influence of new military service system. And then provide suggestions to the recruitment policy, the recruitment tactic and the related field. The thesis evaluates the three-stages of MND, during the year 2004 to year 2008, these stages include: “reduces the number of personnel”, “the expansion of recruitment and to set the military service reform in action”, and “volunteer as the mainly source of manpower”. Based on these stages, analyzing its viability, and inspecting the influence of “volunteer soldiers and reserved NCO scheme” to the reform of military service system and to the recruitment of volunteer soldier system, and to its result. Through the study, it has fallow discovers: the manpower source, the national defense budget, the dispose of recruitment, the legal affairs, and the acquiring condition of specialized talent person…etc. By all mentioned above, there are controversy that is needed to face at the feasibility of this scheme, and should also take all of current situations into consideration, the recruitment of volunteers soldier system still have its place to be improved. Therefore, the most adequate and efficient way for the actual military service system is adopting the scheme of combination system of volunteer service and compulsory service system at the same time. The mainly suggested in this thesis are : First, shape out a positive image of the serviceman in the social position. Second, find out an exactly number of members needed in military and carry out gradually the overall volunteer soldier system. Third, the Recruitment Center of National Armed Forces be in charge for all recruitment. Fourth, widely seeking high-quality manpower and increasing female service in the army. Fifth, manages the troop in the enterprise way, increasing and improving the welfare system. Key Words:Feasibility,Military service system,Enlistment System,Conscription System,Combination of the enlistment system and conscription system.

參考文獻


帥化民(2001),<檢視國家兵役制度發展方向>,財團法人國家政策研究基金會,
帥化民(2004),<募兵 優質的善戰之兵>,財團法人國家政策研究基金會,
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陳健民(2002)<由替代役制度論募兵制之可行性>,財團法人國家政策研究基金會,
彭正中(2006),《我國兵役政策發展之研究-以決策理論觀點檢視》

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