本文以2005-2014年中國地區16個上市上櫃的商業銀行作為研究對象,蒐集資料作為160筆追蹤資料,研究公營銀行的績財務效與風險。依中國銀行體系特性,將所有權結構分為四大公營銀行、其他公營銀行和民營銀行,探討不同所有權結構對其的影響。 研究結果主要發現如下,中國四大公營銀行及其他公營銀行與成本效率指標呈現負相關,與獲利指標呈現負相關,顯示公營銀行比起民營銀,成本效率較佳但獲利能力較差。中國四大銀行及其他公營銀行與逾放比率呈正相關,與備抵呆帳覆蓋率呈負相關,表示公營銀行的放款品質較不佳,承擔較高的授信風險。中國四大公營銀行與與資本適足率呈正相關,表示四大公營銀行的承擔的資產風險較低,資本結構較穩健。資本適足率與成本效率指標呈現顯著負相關,與營業收入比率和利差比率呈現顯著負相關,顯示銀行資本適足率的管制越嚴格,成本效率越佳,獲利能力卻越差。GDP成長率方面與逾放比率呈負相關,而公營銀行民營化後的財務績效和風險表現皆較民營化前佳。
Using a panel data of 16 listed Chinese banks over the 2005-2014 period, the main emphasis of this thesis is study on government-owned banks’ risk and performance. By examining the effects of ownership structure on financial performance and risk, specifically ownership structure, we divide by Big Four government-owned banks, other government-owned banks and private banks to discuss the influences of different ownership structure. The results reveal that the Big Four and government-owned banks are less profitable but more efficient than the private banks. The regression analysis on NPL (Non-performing loan) and CRA (coverage ratio of allowances for bad debt) suggests that the government-owned banks have worse lending behavior and tend to take more risk. Further, the Big Four government-owned banks have higher capital adequacy ratio than those of private banks, which means that government-owned banks they have better asset quality. Moreover, a higher capital adequacy ratio lead to that the banks’ cost efficiency is higher, but the performance is lower. Finally, GDP growth rate was negatively related to the NPL, and privatized government-owned banks have better performance and lower risk than privatization.