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  • 學位論文

女性勞動參與率決定因素之探討─以臺灣23個縣市為例

The Determinants of Female Labor Force Participation Rate ─ Evidence from Taiwan

指導教授 : 彭祐宜
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摘要


近年來,臺灣整體女性勞動參與率呈現逐漸上升之趨勢,但各地區的女性勞動參與程度卻存在不一致的情形,而這是否意味著各地區的區域環境特性之差異將影響女性的勞動參與意願?有鑑於此,本研究結合著「縣市重要統計指標」、「人力資源調查統計年報」以及「內政統計查詢網」等資料庫在1998-2010年間的長期追蹤資料,並採用OLS與固定效果模型來對各縣市的女性與已婚女性勞動參與率進行探討。 在女性勞動參與率的各項影響因素方面,根據實證結果顯示,『離婚率』與『非婚生嬰兒比例』皆存在正面顯著之影響,這顯示出女性經濟獨立意識的抬頭;『結婚率』與『孩童扶養比』則存在負面顯著之影響,這意味著孩童扶養人口的照顧負擔與婚後產生的家庭責任將降低女性的勞動參與意願;而『失業率(落後一期)』也透過「勞動沮喪效果」對女性勞動參與意願產生負面顯著之影響;此外,『產業結構』對女性勞動參與率也存在顯著之影響。在已婚女性勞動參與率的各項影響因素方面,『孩童扶養比』與『產業結構』的影響與女性勞動參與率之估計結果一致;而『社會增加率』呈現正面顯著之影響,這代表著能夠透過縣市間的遷移,來選擇就業條件較佳之縣市,以提升已婚女性的勞動參與意願;『女性大學以上比例』則呈現負面顯著之影響,這可能是因為教育程度較高之女性,其配偶之教育程度也會較高,因此當丈夫的薪資水準愈高時,將對已婚女性之勞動參與意願產生負面影響。

並列摘要


In recent years, the overall female labor force participation rate in Taiwan has presented an upward trend, but the increase in the female labor force participation rate among the counties have been inconsistent. To probe this circumstance, this study uses the panel data of 23 counties from the Statistical Yearbook Issued by Each County, the Yearbook of Manpower Survey Statistics and the Statistical Yearbook of the Interior over the period 1998-2010 to estimate the effects of regional characteristics on female labor force participation rate and female labor force participation rate of married women by applying the OLS regression model and the fixed effect model. The main empirical results of female labor force participation rate can be summarized as follows. First, the estimated effects of divorce rate and out-of-wedlock birth rate are positive and significant; these effects represent the rise of women economic independence. Second, the estimated effects of marriage rate and youth dependency ratios are negative and significant because of the responsibilities of child rearing and household management. Third, the lagged unemployment rate yields a negative and significant influence through the discourage worker effect. Finally, female labor force participation rate remains determined to a significant extent by the industrial structure. The main empirical results of female labor force participation rate of married women are: First, the influences of youth dependency ratios and industrial structure are consistent with the estimated effects in female labor force participation rate. Second, net migration rate has a positive and significant effect; this effect implies that married women choose a region with the better employment conditions to boost her labor force participation through the migration behavior. Finally, the percentage of college degree and over among married women has a negative and significant effect. Since high educated women are relatively more likely to marry high educated men, husband’s higher earnings produce an income effect that lowers wife’s work incentives.

參考文獻


黃芳玫、翁任嬋與黃芳雅 (2009),「女性勞動參與之研究─1980-2005」,《臺灣經濟預測與政策》,39(2),1-50。
郭祐誠與林佳慧 (2012),「勞動市場條件對結婚率下降之影響」,《人口學刊》,44,87-124。
陳婉琪與吳慧靖 (2011),「女性就業與離婚風險」,《人口學刊》,42,81-114。
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被引用紀錄


唐孟廷(2016)。年輕女性生涯圖像:從工作與家庭探討〔碩士論文,淡江大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6846%2fTKU.2016.00304

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