長橋目視檢測評估方法之研究

Visual Inspection and Evaluation for Long Bridges

陳冠伶(KUAN-LIN CHEN)

指導教授 ： 姚乃嘉

國立中央大學/工學院/營建管理研究所/碩士(2006年)

摘要

臺灣地區之橋梁，隨著時代之進步，技術之精進與不同材料之選用，已有混凝土橋以外各種不同型式之特殊橋梁。而原先針對混凝土橋梁所設計之『DER&U目視檢測評估標準』，對於其他材料或特殊形式之橋梁已不完全適用。近年來，雖已有針對鋼橋與斜張橋所建立之目視檢測評估標準，但對於長橋、複合橋等特殊橋梁仍無符合實務需要之標準；其基本資料在電腦化之過程中，亦遭遇許多困難。
在『臺灣地區橋梁管理系統』（Taiwan - Bridge Management System，T-BMS）中，縣市政府、高公局與公路總局三單位總橋梁數已達二萬三千餘座，而其中超過五百公尺之長橋（含多重結構型式複合橋）之總數約有近五百座。因T-BMS主要針對混凝土橋建立基本資料與檢測資料，故前述長橋之基本資料與檢測資料在T-BMS中並非完全正確。
本研究先以長橋所面臨之資料完整性輸入問題做一初步探討，以整合歸納出合理之基本資料輸入模式。其中，由長橋結構受力行為分析可知，以主梁材質作為長橋複合型式之判斷依據，再依材質與型式分階層輸入基本資料，為較合理且可行方式。對於目視檢測評估標準與檢測結果之輸入，則藉由長橋檢測時所面臨問題之分析探討，訂出目視檢測『DER&U法』之標準。最後，再依專家訪談結果，訂定長橋各構件之權重，進而由檢測結果計算出長橋之整體性狀況指標值（Overall Condition Index, OCI）。
本研究將建立完整長橋之基本資料與目視檢測評估標準，已置入『臺灣地區橋梁管理系統』中，可增進該系統資料之正確性，進而提升橋梁維護管理之成效。

關鍵字

狀況指標值 ； 目視檢測評估標準 ； 長橋 ； 橋梁管理系統 ； 複合橋

並列摘要

There are various types of bridges in Taiwan owing to the evolvements and improvements of construction materials or technologies. The"DER&U"method, which was initially developed for inspecting concrete bridges, is not immediately applicable for all kinds of bridges due to differences among bridge components. There were modifications of such method for inspecting steel or cable-stayed bridges. However, for long bridges, some of them are compound; the inspection method is not yet modified. In addition, such bridges are also facing problems in recording inventory data.
There are more then 23,000 highway or roadway bridges in the"Taiwan Bridge Management System" (T-BMS), in which there are around 500 bridges that are more then 500 meters in length. Since T-BMS was not designed for long or compound bridges, the inventory data in T-BMS are recorded representatively, i.e., the data are not correctly reflecting each important component for these bridges.
This research starts with an investigation on the completeness of inventory data for long bridges. A reasonable format for such bridges is established based on structural behaviors of bridge girders. E.g., various layers for inputting inventory data are required for both long and compound bridges. As a result, the "DER&U" method is applicable for each segment of the long bridge whose girder may consist of different types of materials. An Overall Condition Index (OCI) is then formulated and calculated to represent the condition of the long bridge.
Results of this research have been incorporated into the T-BMS, which in deed improves the quality of inventory data in T-BMS. A better management performance for long bridges is also obtained.

並列關鍵字

Condition index ； Bridge Management System ； Long bridge ； Compound bridge ； Visual inspection

參考文獻

【17】林同棪工程顧問股份有限公司，『整合國道設施管理系統-橋梁管理資訊系統，系統開發初步規劃報告書』，2006.1。

【2】Ontario Highway Bridge Design Code（OHBDC），3rd Ed., Ontario Ministry of Transportation and Communication, Canada, 1992

【3】Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges，American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials（AASHTO），16th Ed., Washington, D.C., 1996.

參考文獻

【1】Federal Highway Administration（FHWA），"Bridge Inspector''s Training Manual 90", Revised Edition, Washington, D.C., July