海陸客語語氣詞研究

Research of Hai-lu Hakka modal particle

鄭嘉明(Jia-ming Cheng)

指導教授 ： 羅肇錦

國立中央大學/客家學院/客家語文研究所/碩士(2007年)

摘要

語氣詞是人們用語言交往溝通時，除了詞彙意義外更細緻表現情感的另一種方式，由於語氣詞看似籠統無章，歷來客語語氣詞的研究相對於語音研究、甚至語法研究的其他領域而言，也相對顯得少量，故本文欲以文獻記載配合大量田野調查獲得的海陸客語語氣詞為基礎，企圖對海陸客語語氣詞做一詳實的探究。
本文共分六章，第一章為緒論，說明研究動機、目的與方法，並將語氣詞的定義及研究範圍做一描述，也就調查經過及受訪者做簡略的概述，再回顧語氣詞相關文獻；第二章將客語語氣詞做分類研究，依句首語氣詞、句中語氣詞、句末語氣詞分類，當中再細分為單音節與複音節語氣詞研究，並將各語氣詞依陳述語氣、疑問語氣、祈使語氣、感嘆語氣等概略地描述語氣詞的語用及語義；第三章為語氣詞的成因，就語氣詞的歷史發展和語氣詞生成的途徑－語音派生、實詞虛化等方式做進一步的分析；第四章探討語氣詞在語音、語用、語法三方面的特點；第五章則就數個客語特徵語氣做詳盡的分析；第六章為結論，期望透過這些分析與描述，能將海陸客語語氣詞的輪廓與脈絡呈現出來。

關鍵字

語法 ； 語用學 ； 語氣詞 ； 語氣 ； 客語

並列摘要

When communicating with languages, besides using vocabulary to convey emotions, modal particles can also be used to reflect the mood or attitude of the speaker. However, since modal particles seem to follow no apparent rules, for many years, the research of Hakka language tend to focus on pronunciation and grammar, and very little research is done on Hakka modal particles. This article attempts to conduct an in-depth study of the Hai-lu Hakka modal particles based on historical documents and the massive research gathered from field investigations.

This research is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is an introduction that explains the motive, goals, and methodology of the research. It also defines the meaning and the research scope of modal particles. Furthermore, it summarizes the interview process and reviews historical documents related to modal particles. The second chapter divides Hakka modal particles into several sections for analysis based on modal particles at the beginning, at the middle, and at the end of a sentence. Each section is then further broken down into monosyllabic and complex modal particles. And finally, it describes the usage and meaning of modal particles in declarative sentence, interrogative sentence, imperative sentence, and expletive sentence. The third chapter describes the various elements and the historical development of modal particles. The fourth chapter examines the special features of modal particles in pronunciation, pragmatics, and grammar. The fifth chapter fully analyzes certain tones reflected by Hakka modal particles. The sixth chapter is the conclusion that hopes to articulate the system behind Hakka modal particles though this analysis.

並列關鍵字

syntax ； modal particle ； mode ； Hakka ； pragmatics

參考文獻

李櫻.2000.〈漢語研究中的語用面向〉，《漢學研究》2000，12。

書籍類：

D.Maciver.1982.《A Chinese-English Dictionary Hakka-Dialect》，台北：南天書局有限公司。

丁聲樹.1961.《現代漢語語法講話》，北京：商務印書館。

方小燕.2003.《廣州方言句末語氣助詞》，廣州：暨南大學出版社。