透過您的圖書館登入
IP:54.173.221.132
  • 學位論文

環境正義之倫理基礎

The Ethical Foundation of Environmental Justice

指導教授 : 朱建民 劉阿榮
若您是本文的作者,可授權文章由華藝線上圖書館中協助推廣。

摘要


「環境正義」(environmental justice)是面對環境爭議時經常使用的語詞。然而,什麼是「環境正義」,一直未能在環境倫理研究的脈絡中獲得有系統的概念梳理與建構,以致於現實社會上諸多環境行為、相關決策與爭議難以運用倫理學中的相應概念進行合理的判斷。決策者在遭遇環境不正義情況時必須承擔部分責任,因為他們往往不假思索的以量化和成本效益分析的方式來評估環境風險,而不去審慎思考包含於其中的正義問題。環境正義只是一個環境問題、一個政治問題或一個社會問題?其實,這些因素全都涵括在環境議題當中。更精確的說,環境正義研究對正義議題的關注遠超過對環境技術層面的討論。而這正是本篇論文所要呈現的內容--如何以倫理學上的正義觀點來分析環境正義的問題。 本論文首先從倫理學的角度來進行正義概念的梳理,論證環境正義其實就是社會正義所延伸出來的分支理念,其次以權利理論與效益理論對正義的不同理解進路為主軸,檢視不同進路對環境正義理論之解釋效力與限制。最後本文肯定這些對立的倫理理論其實都共同持有一種道德平等的價值觀,延伸來看,環境正義的根本訴求亦即道德主體(moral agent)在環境領域上要求獲得平等關懷與尊重(equal concern and respect),每個人在追求良善環境的道德起點上是平等的,在環境政策上都能獲得平等考量,不因社經地位或自然稟賦而有差異,環境利益與負擔的分配考量也應尊重每一位作為有尊嚴的個體。

關鍵字

正義理論 環境正義 效益 權利 道德平等

並列摘要


‘Environmental Justice’ is a popular term in the disputes over environmental issues. However, the meaning of ‘Environmental Justice’ hasn’t been systematically conceptual constructed in the context of research of environmental ethics. Many environmental behaviors and relevant policies in social reality are hard to be reasonably judged on the basis of relative ethical concepts. Policymakers bear some of the blame for the failure to confront environmental injustice. They typically use quantitative risk assessment and benefit-cost analysis in ways that are not sensitive to justice issues. Is ‘Environmental Justice’ an environmental issue? Is it a political issue? Is it a social issue? Actually, it is all of them. More accurate to say, environmental justice is devoted more systematically to the topic of justice than to the environmental technology. This is what I would like to present--how to analyze environmental justice issues using a justice-perspective, an ethical approach. In the first place, I begin with clarifying the concept of justice in terms of viewpoints of ethics and then justify that environmental justice is actually a branch issue which derives from social justice. In the second place, according to theories of rights and utilitarian, which the different approaches of explanation of justice, I also examine the effectiveness and limitations of these two diverse theories over the goal of environmental justice. Finally, I affirm that these contradictory ethical theories actually share the same value -- moral equality. The fundamental target of environmental justice is that every moral agent is treated by equal concern and respect in the consideration about environmental issue. Each one is equal in terms of the moral starting point of pursuing healthy environment, and gets equal consideration according to environmental policies. Everyone should not be differently treated because of his or her social status and natural endowment. Meanwhile, the allocation of environmental benefit and burden should respect for every dignified individual.

參考文獻


Pojman, Louis P.(1992) Life and Death : Grappling with the Moral Dilemmas of Our Time《生與死:現代道德困境的挑戰》江麗美譯(1995),(台北:桂冠圖書公司)。
黃瑞祺、黃之棟(2007)〈環境正義理論的問題點〉《臺灣民主季刊》第四卷,第二期, 頁113-40。
----------(2003)〈生態女性主義:連結性別壓迫與物種壓迫的女性主義觀點〉《女學學誌:婦女與性別研究》(16) 295-321。
---------- (1998)〈我們沒有共同的未來:西方主流「環保」關懷的政治經濟學〉《台灣社會研究季刊》第三十一期,(台北:國立政治大學)。
朱建民(2000)〈由儒家觀點論西方環境倫理學人類中心主義與自然中心主義的對立〉《鵝湖學誌》第25卷(台北:文津書局),頁1-40。

被引用紀錄


鄭明德(2011)。以灰聚類方法探討經社因子與空氣污染之空間分佈特性〔碩士論文,朝陽科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0078-1511201110382718
楊秀嬌(2012)。環境正義之追求 - 以觀音鄉保障村垃圾場抗爭為例〔碩士論文,元智大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0009-2801201415003324
江嘉偉(2012)。社會契約論的實踐與維護-以我國三權民主正當性控制及抵抗權為中心〔碩士論文,國立臺北大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0023-2307201214315200

延伸閱讀


國際替代計量