藥病為喻的精神史——以錢謙益為中心的考察

Psychology History with Metaphors of Disease and Medicine ——A case study centralized by Qian Qanyi

陳孟君(Meng-chun Chen)

指導教授 ： 康來新

國立中央大學/文學院/中國文學系/博士(2014年)

摘要

以「藥」、「病」之喻為問題意識，解釋從王陽明以降至明末清初集學問之大成者──錢謙益之間的「藥」、「病」之喻的傳承與新變，盼能提供一些新觀點來詮釋明清之際的學術議題。泰州學派、禪宗常為東林學派眼中疾病叢生之社會亂源，然東林學派、泰州學派都常以藥、病為喻，展露其醫國之志，其中的藥、病之喻涉及權力的建構與解構，東林學派與泰州學派精神中的暗合之處，亦為筆者欲討論的問題。
傳統儒、釋、道三家都有以藥、病為喻闡述論點之淵源，明中葉以後三教間既融合又競爭，學者如何以藥、病為喻，詮釋自家學說觀點，並如何援引三教之學說，亦為筆者研究的重點。
錢謙益錢謙益在詩作、文學理論、雜著中常以醫病為隱喻闡釋學問，其範圍包含：理學、政治、經典、文學、佛學、史學等領域，錢謙益欲震聾發聵的積極經世願望，從其「醫國手」之喻可見出。

關鍵字

王陽明 ； 錢謙益 ； 泰州學派 ； 東林學派 ； 藥 ； 病

並列摘要

Inheritance and new change between “Medicine” and “Disease” – Collection of studies from an era Wang, Yang-Ming was in the presence to end of Dynasty Ming and beginning of Dynasty Ching was interpreted by metaphors of “medicine” and “disease” as consciousness of the issue, with an expectation to provide some new perspectives to interpret academic topics during period of Dynasty Ming and Ching. Taizhou school, Zen Buddhism were deemed as chaotic source of society with many diseases from the viewpoints of Tungling school; however, Tungling school and Taizhou school often displayed their ambition of treating country with metaphors through medicine and disease, among of which, the metaphor of medicine and disease was involved with construction and decomposition of power; implied incorporation lied in the spirit of Tungling school and Taizhou school was also the issue the author intended to discuss.
Traditionally, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoist had originated metaphor of medicine and disease as sources to interpret their theoretic points; since the middle of Dynasty Ming, these three schools not only incorporated mutually, but also competed with each other; under such situation, how does a scholar interpret his own theoretic perspective with metaphors of medicine and disease and how does he quote doctrine from these three schools were also the focuses in the study the author made hereof.
Qian Qianyi often illustrated what he learned with metaphors of medicine and disease among his poetry, literature theories and other masterpieces, where the domains included but not limited to science, politics, classics, literature and Buddhism.
Qian Qianyi ’s desire of enlightening world is visible in the metaphor of his “hands of curing the country”.

並列關鍵字

Wang Yang-Ming ； Qian Qanyi ； Taizhou school ； Tungling school ； Medicine ； Disease

參考文獻

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