隨機作業時間下多重作業方式及資源限制下專案排程最佳化模式之研究

The Research of Multi-mode Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem in Stochastic Working Time

魏汝珊(Ru-san Wei)

指導教授 ： 顏上堯

國立中央大學/工學院/土木工程學系/碩士(2012年)

摘要

在全球經濟快速發展下，專案排程問題漸受重視。然隨專案規模的迅速成長，專案排程問題逐漸複雜化。過去的專案排程主要利用要徑法與計畫評核術進行專案作業排程，但近年來因環境資源匱乏，單憑考量時程的控管而未進一步考量有限的資源，將使決策缺乏整體最佳化分析。考慮有限的資源及資金的流動，資源限制下之專案排程、多重作業方式及資源限制下之專案排程以及具有折現現金流量之多重作業方式及資源限制下之專案排程等問題逐漸受人重視。但除資源及資金，為符合現實情況，應將作業工期時間的隨機性納入考量，因為過去專案排程的研究多以平均作業工期時間為依據以進行專案作業排程，此作法未考量實際作業工期時間的隨機性。當作業在實際施作時，若隨機作業工期時間擾動過大，將使原規劃的排程結果失去最佳性。因此，本研究針對多重作業方式及資源限制下最大淨利潤專案排程問題，考量現金流量時間價值及相關作業流程與資源限制，構建一隨機性作業工期時間之專案排程模式，協助決策者有效地進行規劃。本研究利用時序網路流動技巧及數學規劃方法構建一數學模式，以期望淨利潤最大化為目標。此模式為一含額外限制整數網路流動問題，可利用CPLEX數學規劃軟體求解。為測試本研究模式求解績效，本研究以國際測試題庫(PSPLIB)所提供之專案資訊，進行一範例研究，並針對不同參數進行敏感度分析與方案分析，測試結果良好，最後提出結論與建議。

關鍵字

隨機性工期時間 ； 期望淨利潤 ； 具有折現現金流量之多重作業方式及資源限制下之專案排程 ； 時序網路

並列摘要

Due to the fast development of global economy, project scheduling is more and more important. Because the project size grows rapidly nowadays, the project scheduling problem is much more complex than before. Traditionally, the critical path method (CPM) and the program evaluation and review technique (PERT) were used to formulate the project scheduling problems. The past time-controlled process for CPM and PERT is neither efficient nor effective from a system perspective, especially due to the short of environment resources recently. Considering of the resource finite and cash flow, resource constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP), multi-mode resource constrained project scheduling problem (MRCPSP) and multi-mode resource constrained project scheduling problem with discounted cash flow (MRCPSPDCF) are researched in many years. Not only sources and money but stochastic disturbances arising from variations in working time in actual operations should be noticed. The past researches on the project scheduling is mainly based on the average working time, which do not consider the stochastic working time. Therefore, when actual project scheduling is affected by stochastic working time, the already planned project scheduling will be disturbed and lose its system optimization. Dealing with the multi-mode resource constrained project scheduling problem with discounted cash flow (MRCPSPDCF), this research adopts the time-precedence network technique to formulate a stochastic project scheduling model which considers the cash flow value of time and related operating and resource constraints. The model is formulated as an integer network flow problem with side constraints, which is characterized as NP-hard in terms of optimization. We employ the CPLEX mathematical programming solver to solve the problem. Otherwise we do the numerical tests to evaluate the performance of the proposed model, and the data comes from Project Scheduling Problem Library (PSPLIB).Performing sensitive and scenario analysis for different parameters, and the test results show the model to be good and that the solution method could be useful in practice. At last, conclusions and suggestions are given.

並列關鍵字

Time-precedence network ； Stochastic working time ； Expected net profit ； Multi-mode resource constrained project scheduli

參考文獻

17. 顏上堯、齊志仁、湯慶輝，「隨機需求下多目標長途客運排程模式之研究」，運輸計畫季刊，第34卷第1期，第93-118頁 (2005)。

2. 邱明琦、陳春益、林佐鼎，「海運貨櫃排程模式之研究」，運輸計劃季刊，第三十一卷，第三期，第495-522頁 (2002)。

16. 顏上堯、翁綵穗，「季節轉換間緩衝期飛航排程之研究」，運輸計劃季刊，第三十卷，第四期，第891-921頁 (2001)。

14. 劉秋蘭，「多重作業方式及資源限制下最大淨現值專案排程模式暨求解演算法之研究」，碩士論文，國立中央大學土木工程學系 (2011)。

1. 江孝頤，「隨機旅行時間下混凝土生產作業及拌合車調派決策之研究」，碩士論文，國立中央大學土木工程學系 (2008)。