美容成人教師職涯發展之研究

A Study of Cosmetology Adult Teachers’ career development

劉宛菱(Wen-Lin Liu)

指導教授 ： 李雅慧

國立中正大學/教育學院/成人及繼續教育學系/碩士(2014年)

摘要

本研究採用質性研究法，藉由相關文獻探討、半結構訪談瞭解美容成人教師職涯轉換促進因素、專業知能成長情形、職涯困難與因應方式，並歸納美容成人教師教學職涯發展階段，以提供美容從業人員、美容教育機構、後續研究者作為參考。透過本研究之實施，得到以下研究結論：

一、從技術工作者轉換至成人教師為預期或非預期之職涯轉換，美容成人教師將其視為是一種同專業領域不同工作性質的職涯轉換。

二、職涯轉換促進因素包括個人、工作與人際等三個面向，其中以業績與業界知名度、人際網絡提供的資訊交流與機會為最重要的促進因素。

三、美容成人教師的學習形態偏向自我導向及興趣與需求導向，人際網絡、教學使命感、個人興趣與工作需求是參與學習的主要動機。

四、美容成人教師為主動積極的學習者，公司組織內的在職訓練是職涯發展初期主要的訓練管道；講師與同業間的成長團體是美容成人教師形塑個人教學專業的重要推手；職涯發展後期則傾向於接受正規教育來建立專業理論系統。

五、美容成人教師的學習內容包括美容專業知能、成人教學與企業管理相關知能，透過學習擴展知識領域與視野，並成為教學最好的養分。

六、美容成人教師於不同職涯發展階段有不同的專業知能成長內涵，初期以美容本業知能為主；中期學習動機最強烈，偏向自發性的尋找與創造學習機會；後期則是深化專業並跨足至其他領域。

七、職涯困難包括個人因素、工作因素、家庭因素，美容成人教師以正向觀點面對職涯困難，並將它視為職涯挑戰與成長。

八、美容成人教師適應職涯困難之因應方式包含情緒/態度/靈性的改變、任務調整、尋求協助與資源、問題解決與成長等四個面向，並未採用負向情緒。

九、美容成人教師教學職涯發展階段可歸納為預備奠基期、摸索調整期、轉化擴張期等三個職涯發展階段，並未出現求生與轉換階段的相關職涯發展內涵。

(一) 預備奠基期─教學經驗與方法的累積、教學機會的取得。

(二) 摸索調整期─從摸索中發展出教學風格、以課堂反應來進行調整。

(三) 轉化擴張期─教學與職業領域擴張、教育觀點轉化。

關鍵字：美容成人教師、職涯發展、教學職涯發展階段、專業知能成長

關鍵字

教學職涯發展階段 ； 職涯發展 ； 美容成人教師 ； 專業知能成長

並列摘要

This thesis is a research of career development of cosmetology adult teachers by qualitative research. It consist of reference review, contributing factor of their career transition, professional development, career difficulty and coping , and an induction of cosmetology adult teacher career development which all acquired by semi-structured interviews. The results provide beautician, beauty educational institutions and future researchers a reference. The conclusions are as following:

A.From subject experts to adult teachers is an expected or unexpected career transition. It is a career transition that doing different works content in the same professional field.

B.Career transition contribution factors of beauticians from subject experts to adult teachers:

(a) including individual, work and interpersonal factors.

(b)the most important contributing factors are outstanding achievement, industry awareness and social capital.

C.Cosmetology adult teachers are self-directed learners. The main motivations of learning are social capital, teaching mission, personal interests and work requirements.

D.On-job training is the main training methods in their early career development. Growth groups shape cosmetology adult teachers’ teaching style. In the later period, formal education is a way that they can construct their teaching system.

E.Learning content including professional knowledge and skills, adult education and business management. Through the learning, they expand their knowledge and vision, and enrich their teaching.

F.The cosmetology adult teachers’ need of professional knowledge and skill differ from each career development stage. The beauty industry knowledge is the main learning content in early career; through the middle career, they try to create learning opportunities by self; in the later career, they deepen the professional field and exchange cross-industry.

G.Career difficulties of cosmetology adult teachers contain personal factors, work factors and family factors. They consider career difficulty as challenge and growing.

H.Coping of cosmetology adult teachers including change of motions /attitude/spirituality, task adjustment, assistance and resources, and problem solving and growth, excluding negative emotions.

I.Teaching career development stages of cosmetology adult teachers: preteaching and competency building stage, exploration and adjustment stage, and transformation and expansion stage. Survival stage and decelerating stage are not occurring.

(a)Preteaching and competency building stage: cumulative teaching experience and methods; obtain teaching opportunities.

(b)Exploration and adjustment stage: develop a teaching style by exploration; adjust teaching style by classroom reaction.

(c)Transformation and expansion stage: teaching and professional field expanding; philosophy of education transforming.

Key word: cosmetology adult teacher, career development, teacher career development, professional development

並列關鍵字

teacher career development ； career development ； cosmetology adult teacher ； professional development

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