彰化南瑤宮媽祖進香活動之變遷研究

On the Evolution of Taiwanese "Mazu Pilgriamge"---Using Changhua Nanyiao Temple as a Case Study

李振安(CHEN-AN LI)

指導教授 ： 江寶釵 ； 蔡相煇

國立中正大學/文學院/台灣文學與創意應用研究所/碩士(2014年)

摘要

彰化南瑤宮主祀媽祖，宮廟創建甚早，在乾隆時開始往北港進香，兩百餘年之間，成為台灣北路民眾進香的領導者，為當時台灣規模最大的進香活動，發展出許多獨特的進香儀式，極盛時有十多萬人參與，目前銳減至數千人。此一變遷對於全國媽祖信仰活動隱含之意義深具重要性。

本文遂以此一關鍵為論題，嘗試透過歷史文化研究和田野調查等研究方法，從文獻、報導、田野中多方面進行資料的蒐集與匯整，參酌諸家之見，勾勒出南瑤宮笨港進香活動的多元樣貌。藉著描繪其儀式、日程和路線，分析其變遷，再現彰化南瑤宮的歷史盛況。最後，筆者提出南瑤宮的管理權轉由彰化市公所管理、「笨港被洪水沖毁」的說法、兩地民眾的衝突和時代的進步對南瑤宮笨港進香活動的影響，是造成其活動變遷的主要原因。

關鍵字

媽祖進香 ； 北港進香 ； 笨港進香 ； 南瑤宮 ； 進香

並列摘要

The Nanyiao Mazu Temple in Changhua was built early in Taiwanese hisotry. It started the pilgrimage in Qianlong period, and in the next 200 years has become the prominent leader in the Northern-route of Taiwanese Mazu pilgrimage, which at then was the largest pilgrimage in Taiwan and later developed into a variety of religious ceremonies. At its peak, the pilgrimage has drawn more than one hundred thousand followers, now the number has dwindled down to a few thousand. This change has vital implications for the national Mazu religious ceremony.

This article studies this topic, aiming to construct a colorful picture of Nanyiao Temple's Mazu pilgrimage to Beigang through exammination of historical texts, reports and field studies using methods such as historical cultural study and field research. By studyig the rituals of pilgrimage, its schedule and route, analysing its change, I try to reconstruct the historical prominence of Changhua Nanyiao Temple.At the end, I reach the conclusion that the transition of the temple's management to Changhua City Office, and saying that “Beigang was destroyed by flood,” along with the conflicts between the people in Nanyiao and Beigang as well as the change of time are the true causes of the decline of the pilgrimage.

並列關鍵字

Mazu Pilgrimage ； Pilgrimage to Beigang ； Pilgrimage to Bengang ； Nanyiao Temple ； Pilgrimage

參考文獻

陳維新，〈進香之界定：由象徵人類學角度〉，《人類與文化》，23期（1987.05）。

張珣，〈進香、刈火與朝聖宗教意涵之分析〉，《人類與文化》，22期（1986.06）。

呂玫鍰，〈社群建構與浮動的邊界：以白沙屯媽祖進香為例〉，《臺灣人類學刊》6卷1期(2008.06)，頁49-61。

黃敦厚，〈進香禮儀的探討：以大甲媽祖為例〉，《民俗曲藝》158期(2007.12)，頁1-14。

呂玫鍰，〈傳統的再製與創新：白沙屯媽祖進香的「行轎」儀式與徒步體驗之分析〉，《民俗曲藝》158期(2007.12)，頁94-121。