單親家長之親子關係教養態度及社會支持之多重個案研究

The case study of parent-child ,parents’ rearing attitude ,and social support on different gender of single parents

李雅菁(Lee.Ya.Ging)

指導教授 ： 王雅玄

國立中正大學/教育學院/教學專業發展數位學習碩士在職專班/碩士(2014年)

摘要

摘要

社會結構改變形成為數眾多的單親家庭，這些單親家庭的數量已在台灣的人口戶數中佔了相當大的比例。因此，單親家庭問題以目前來說是非常值得研究的重要議題。
本研究以單親家長為主題，「性別」為核心概念，採取質性研究方法，以導引式訪談為主，非正式會話式訪談為輔，針對新竹縣內某一所公立國民小學，立意取樣四位單親家長作為研究對象，目的在探討不同性別之單親家長對於親子關係、教養態度、社會支持之實際樣貌及其性別差異。
本研究提出三項結論：
一、單親媽媽比單親爸爸更重視且維護親子關係
（一）單親媽媽和孩子相處時間長，且親子關係較融洽；單親爸爸與孩子相處時
間瑣碎，且親子關係較疏離
（二）與子女相處時，單親媽媽較重視與子女之互動關係，單親爸爸則比較重視
活動的安排
（三）單親媽媽對於孩子的學校生活參與度高，單親爸爸對於孩子的學校生活參
與度則因社經地位高低而有所不同
（四）單親媽媽與孩子之親子溝通大多良好，單親爸爸與孩子之親子溝通則與
成為單親之前一樣，改變不大
二、單親媽媽的教養態度以權威開明居多；單親爸爸的教養態度則可
大致分為忽視冷漠及權威開明兩種方式
（一）單親媽媽重視並強調家庭規範，單親爸爸倚賴同住家人指導孩子實踐家庭
規範
（二）教育程度與社經地位低之單親爸爸多以「忽視冷漠」的態度教養子女；而
中、高社經地位之單親爸爸教養子女的態度則以「開明權威」為多
i
（三）單親媽媽的教養態度以「權威開明」居多，單親爸爸的教養態度則可大致
分為「忽視冷漠」及「權威開明」兩種方式
（四）單親家長對於單親兒童未來的教育期望皆抱持支持且開明的立場及態度
（五）單親爸爸及單親媽媽，在教養子女方面都曾感覺困擾
三、單親媽媽尋求家庭外社會支持；單親爸爸倚賴家庭內社會支持
（一）單親媽媽照顧孩子大多親力親為，單親爸爸在照顧孩子方面則多委託家中
其他親人代勞
（二）單親媽媽缺乏家庭內支持，但比單親爸爸積極尋求家庭外的社會支持
（三）高社經地位的單親家長，不論在訊息、情緒或是在實質的支持上，對兒童
都有較多的協助；家庭社經地位低的單親兒童，從他人獲得的社會支持，
則會多於同住的單親媽媽或是爸爸所給予的社會支持

最後依據本研究的結果進行討論，並提供相關具體建議，作為未來推行親職教育實務工作或相關研究之參考。

關鍵詞：單親家長、親子關係、教養態度、社會支持

關鍵字

單親家長

並列摘要

The case study of parent-child ,parents’ rearing attitude ,and
social support on different gender of single parents.

Advisor: Dr.Ya-Hsuan Wang
Student:Ya-Ging Lee

ABSTRACT

Numerous change in the social structure formation of single- parent families.The number of these single- parent families has accounted for a large proportion of the population of households in Taiwan.
Therefore, single- parent families is an important issue at present is very worthy of study.
The topic of this research puts the single parents as the theme ,and puts gender as the core concept,the qualitative research approach,interviews were adopted .And through purposive sampling
,four male and female single parents from one public elementary school in Hsinchu County were selected as the study subjects.The purpose of the research is to understand the relationship which is about the parent-child parents’rearing attitude,and social support on different gender of single parents.
There are three conclusions of this study:

A.Single mother put more emphasis and maintain the relationship
between child than single father.
a.Single mother keeps good relationship with their children. On the other hand , single father keeps the same relationship with children.
b.Single mother spends much time getting alone with their children than single father.
c.When getting alone with child,single mother focus on the interaction with children,single father focus on the arrangement of their activities.
d.The single father with high social economic position focus on the parent-child relationship than the lower one.
ii
B.Single mother’s rearing attitude is tend to open minded and
authority way to their child. Single father’s is easily to use
the open authority way and ignore to teach their child.
a.Single mothers attent and emphasis on family norms , single
fathers rely on his family to teach children to family
practice specification.
b.The single father with lower education degree and social
economic position is tend to use ignore tolerance to rear
their child , instead middle high position single father is
tend to use open authority attitude.
c. Single mother’s rearing attitude is tend to open minded and
authority way to their child. Single father’s is easily to
use the open authority way and ignore to teach their child.
d. The single mother and father all put more emphasis on the
education of single child.
e.No matter single father or mother all get pressure when they
raise their children.
C.Single mother is seeking social support from outside of the
family;Single father is seeking social support from inside of
the family.
a.Single mother take care of children mostly by themselves,single father take care of their children by family members.
b.The single mother is eaily to get more social support from outside of the family than single father.
c.The high social-economic postion single partnts provide more assistant ,no matter in information,emotional or real support.The low social-economic position single children is easy to get the social support from outside of the family.

Finally,the research results of the current study are discussed as to provide concrete advices for future parenting practices and related researchs.

Keywords: single-parents , parent-child relationships , parenting attitudes, social support

並列關鍵字

single parents

參考文獻

李佩琦（2009）。國小離婚單親家庭兒童社會支持與生活適應之研究。國立台北

林茹茵（2007）。貧窮女性單親生活因應策略之探討與類型建構。暨南大學社會

賴怡霖（2007）。離異單親母親之母職經驗敘說研究。暨南大學輔導與諮商研究

張碩文（2009）。單親父親親職實踐與社會支持之研究－以離婚經濟弱勢者為例。

學職業繼續教育研究所，未出版，新竹市。