2008 年底至2009年初爆發緬甸羅興亞難民事件,大批羅興亞難民遭到泰國軍方虐待,並將難民的船棄置於海上,任由他們在海上自生自滅,造成數百人死亡或失蹤。羅興亞族因為信奉伊斯蘭教,在佛教徒為主的緬甸,政府與佛教積極分子認為羅興亞人並不屬於他們的史少數民族之一,並以暴力方式迫害羅興亞人,幾乎每年都有大批的羅興亞人乘船偷渡,他們企圖逃往到泰國、孟加拉、印尼和馬來西亞,大批的羅興亞人逃往周邊國家,糧食爭奪、疾病、飲水衛生等問題讓這些羅興亞人成了到處漂泊的海上難民,這也變成了東南亞地區的重要議題。 羅興亞人具備了難民、無國籍者、經濟移民的身分,因為緬甸政府不承認羅興亞人的公民身分,因而導致數千名羅興亞穆斯林難民正受困在安達曼海上,但印尼、馬來西亞、泰國等國拒絕讓他們進入領海,他們只能在公海到處漂流。因為國際法中對難民的庇護定義缺乏強制性的規範,國際社會也僅能從道德層面呼籲吸光國家重視羅興亞人的權益,透過國家間彼此互相幫忙,解決此一問題,避免再發生更嚴重的人道危機。希望藉此論文探討羅興亞民族與緬甸之關係,由相關議題檢視緬甸政府對羅興亞人的政策,試圖解決羅興亞人所引發的難民問題並提出相關心得與建議。
A large number of Rohingya refugees has been abused and abandoned at sea from the Thai military. This case brings about hundreds of people dead or missing. Because the Rohingya believe Islam in Myanmar, the government and lots of Buddhist believe Rohingya does not belong to their history of national minorities. The government of Myanmar and army treat them with violence, this has large of number of Rohingya smuggling to Thailand, Bangladesh, Indonesia and Malaysia every year. the Rohingya compete for food, disease, water sanitation and other issues so that the Rohingya refugees became the offshore refugees, and this became an important issue in Southeast Asia. Rohingya refugees both of refugees,stateless persons andeconomic refugees. Because the government of Myanmar does not recognize the Rohingya, thousands of Rohingya Muslim refugees being stranded in the Andaman sea. The government of Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and other countries refused them, they can only live in the high seas. The most important reason is that the refugee definition in the international law lack of mandatory specifications, the international community only appeal to the moral level to the right of Rohingya. Through countries help each other to solve this problem and avoid like issues not happen again. I hope to explore the relationship between the Rohingya and Myanmar, trying to solve the Rohingya refugee problem, and some suggestions.