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  • 學位論文

國民小學學校儀式之個案研究-以一年級新生班為例

The Study for Rituals of Elementary School– A Case of Students of a First Grade Class

指導教授 : 林明地
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摘要


本研究所欲了解的是國民小學一年級新生班所參與的學校儀式,所呈現的面貌,以及在學校儀式的形塑下,參與該學校儀式之班級成員的感知,希冀能提供學校在規劃學校儀式之參考。 本研究採用質性研究中的個案研究法,選擇一所國民小學的新生班級,透過為期一年的參與觀察,並與新生班導師與6位學生進行訪談,並佐以文件資料蒐集分析之後,所得到的結論如下: 一、一天的儀式是學校生活的模式,一週的儀式漸漸形成學校生活模式,協助學生逐漸表現出符合期待的行為,一年的儀式傳遞全校性的文化價值。 二、 學校儀式的面貌分為具有團體凝聚的「共識性儀式」,以及成員間彼此區隔的「分化性儀式」。 共識性儀式的類別有:歡迎的儀式、管理的儀式、認同的儀式、慶祝的儀式等,營造班級的認同感與向心力為方向規劃。分化性儀式則包含:年齡分化的儀式與年齡關係的儀式,在年齡區分的條件下,產生學舍區分、管理階層協助或督導的行為。 三、教師認為應詮釋活動意涵,以提升儀式的價值。 四、學生對故事性、活動性及物質酬賞的儀式,較具吸引力。 根據前述研究的結果,本研究提出對學校儀式與對進一步研究的建議,供個案研究學校及有關或相同類型學校,在規劃學校儀式之參考。

並列摘要


This study was aimed to understand the aspects presented by the school rituals that the first grade students attended in elementary school. Also to understand the perception of students who attended the school rituals under the shaping of school, hoping to provide references for schools when planning the rituals. This study applied the case study of qualitative research with an elementary school for one-year term of participation and observation. After interviewed with the teacher and six students in the first grade as well as analyzed the collecting documents, the results of this study were as following: 1.The daily ritual was the pattern for the life of school; the weekly ritual gradually formed the lifestyle of school. Therefore, these rituals were able to help students gradually show the expected behaviors. Besides, the yearly ritual was the culture transmission for whole school. 2.The aspects of school ritual were divided into two types: one was "consensual rituals", which had the character of group cohesion; the other one was “differentiating rituals “, which differentiated each member. The consensual rituals were: welcome rituals, management rituals, recognition rituals, and celebration rituals. The rituals above were planned to create the identification and the solidarity of the class. The differentiating rituals contained age differentiating rituals and age relation rituals. Under the age-specific conditions, the behaviors – such as: distinguishing class rooms, assisting management, or supervisory – were displayed. 3.The teacher considered that the meaning of rituals should be interpreted in order to enhance the value of rituals. 4.The students were more interested in rituals related to story, activity and material reward. According to the mentioned results above, this study offered the suggestions on the school rituals and the further researches. The suggestions will be the reference for the case study school and other relevant schools with the same type when planning the school rituals.

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