小琉球珊瑚礁幼魚的色彩適應

Adaptations of Coral Reef Juvenile Fish Colors in Hsiao-liu-chiu

馬駿良(Ma Chun Liang)

指導教授 ： 裴家騏 博士

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/野生動物保育研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2009.00238

摘要

摘要
學號：M9517011
論文題目：小琉球珊瑚礁幼魚的色彩適應
總頁數：50頁
學校名稱：國立屏東科技大學 系（所）別：野生動物保育研究所
畢業時間及摘要別：97學年度第2學期碩士學位論文摘要
研究生：馬駿良 指導教授：裴家騏 博士
論文摘要內容：
視覺動物體表的色彩型態能藉由不同的作用距離、光照環境、共謀行為及背景產生不同的信號功能，信號功能的發揮影響著物種存活的合適度。珊瑚礁魚類體色具有高度的歧異性，這現象不僅發生在成魚，亦存在於不同齡期之間，許多幼魚甚至發展出專屬的齡期色型。為了瞭解珊瑚礁幼魚體色的多樣性適應，本研究於小琉球東岸以色票同步攝影之方式，拍攝了海蝕平台、厚石裙礁及廢棄漁港等淺海棲地中幼魚之色型及其環境背景，並以繪圖軟體量化其可見光色彩成亮度（brightness）、純飽和度（saturation）、明度對比（value contrast）以及計算與環境背景之色差等色彩特徵值，以比較不同棲地幼魚群聚的色型組成及與環境背景色之關係。本研究也記錄了幼魚的空間分布位置、游泳方式（locomotion）及集群類型(school)等因子，以檢測不同棲地類型中幼魚體色與之關係。結果顯示，厚石裙礁樣區幼魚群聚的色型組成同質性較高，廢棄漁港較低。兩種自然棲地的幼魚有隨環境背景色分布之現象，幼魚體色與背景色間有顯著正相關（R2=0.200，p<0.05；R2=0.582，p<0.01）。此外，海蝕平台樣區幼魚之色彩特徵值與分布於礁石表面水域及採定游方式有關；厚石裙礁樣區，與分布於礁石洞穴、表面基質、礁石表面水域及混群活動有關；廢棄漁港樣區，與分布於礁石表面水域、巡游方式及混群活動有關。如上所述，珊瑚礁幼魚體色與相關因子間之關係會隨棲地而不同，或是有所增減，推測這可能使幼魚體表色彩在不同棲地中所產生的功能或感覺效果不盡相同，珊瑚礁幼魚於環境背景變異性高、同質性魚種多的厚石裙礁中，能滿足有利體表色彩之空間及生態行為的條件較多，而於海蝕平台或漁港等棲地中之有利條件則可能是逢機的發生。

關鍵字：色彩型態、珊瑚礁魚類、小琉球、色票、色彩科學。

關鍵字

色彩型態 ； 珊瑚礁魚類 ； 小琉球 ； 色票 ； 色彩科學

並列摘要

Abstract
Student ID: M9517011
Title of Thesis: Adaptations of Coral Reef Juvenile Fish Colors in Hsiao-liu-chiu
Total Page: 50
Name of Institute: Institute of Wildlife Conservation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology
Graduate Date: 2009. 07.20. Degree Conferred: Master
Name of Student: Ma Chun Liang Adviser: Jai-Chyi Pei
The Content of Abstract in This Thesis:
Color patterns in animals can present different signals and functions based on different distances, light, behaviors and environmental backgrounds. Coral reef fish have a high diversity of colors even among different age stages. Many coral reef juvenile fish develop specific colors for their particular needs. To understand the diversity of adaptations of coral reef juvenile fish colors, I recorded spatial location, locomotion style, and schooling behavior of juvenile fish in three different habitats on the Hsiao-liu-chiu east shore of abrasion flats, fringing reefs, and abandoned harbor. I also photographed the juvenile fish and their physical background. Pictures of each juvenile fishes were transformed to standardize color brightness, color saturation, and value contrast. I compared the color brightness of juvenile fish to their assemblages, and physical background. I also correlated color saturation, value contrast, and color brightness degree to spatial location, locomotion style, and schooling behavior within each habitat. The color brightness of juvenile fish in the fringing reef was more homogeneous and that in the abandoned harbor was more heterogeneous. Two natural habitats presented positive correlation with color brightness of fish and physic background. In the abrasion flat, colors correlated with fish located at the reef wall and hover locomotion. In the fringing reef, colors correlated with fish in reef caves, on the surface, at the reef wall, and in heterospecific schools. In the abandoned harbor, colors correlated with fish located at the reef wall, patrol locomotion, and in heterospecific schools. The relationships of color features with spatial location, locomotion style, and schooling behavior varied with habitat. Therefore, I infer that different habitats will cause different functions and sensory effects. In fringing reef that has more variances of physical background and more heterospecies of similar color, juvenile fish could have more beneficial spatial and ecological behavior conditions for body colors. In abrasion flats or harbor, the beneficial conditions could occur randomly.

Keywords: color patterns, coral reef fish, Hsiao-liu-chiu, color cards,color science.

並列關鍵字

color patterns ； coral reef fish ； Hsiao-liu-chiu ； color cards ； color science

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