北大武山區森林鳥類群聚、食性和海拔遷移

Forest Avifauna, Diet, and Altitudinal Migration in Peitawushan

吳禎祺(Jane-Chi Wu)

指導教授 ： 孫元勳

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/野生動物保育研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2007.00055

摘要

本研究於2007年6月-2008年4月，每兩個月在北大武山區沿連續海拔梯度設置樣線，對森林鳥類群聚組成結構、食性，進行一年的觀察，同時估測各樣線鳥食果量豐度,以探討三者之關聯。研究顯示，低與中高海拔最優勢鳥種各為：紅嘴黑鵯和冠羽畫眉，其中秋冬明顯上遷的5種鳥種有紅嘴黑鵯、五色鳥和樹鵲，另兩種(山紅頭；綠畫眉)疑調查誤差結果。研究共記錄59種鳥類3350筆食性紀錄，覓食紀錄多於20筆的鳥種中，植食者有6種，雜食者有9種，食蟲者有8種，非繁殖季多數植食和雜食鳥類的植物性食物之比例明顯增加，紅嘴黑鵯和五色鳥是最具代表性的食果鳥種。紀錄中的31種鳥類共覓食38科113種植物的果實或種子，有5種鳥類覓食9科18種植物的花蜜或花粉，其中冠羽畫眉覓食次數最多，且特定時節為主要食物來源。中、高、低海拔最常被利用的植物種類各是大戟、五加、茶科和薔薇科。總共對23科72種鳥類主要覓食樹種進行過果量估測。非繁殖季(10、12月)中、高海拔果量明顯高低於低海拔，是紅嘴黑鵯、五色鳥和樹鵲秋冬季上遷的主因。至於上遷量不普遍的原因可能是部份低海拔食果鳥在森林底層次取得果實資源。

關鍵字

森林鳥類 ； 食果鳥 ； 食性 ； 果實 ； 北大武山

並列摘要

From June 2007 to April 2008, transects were established along the elevation gradient in the forests of Peitawushan where forest bird composition and structure, diet, and fruit abundance were examined bimonthly to determine their interaction. Results showed Black Bulbul (Hypsipetes madagascariensis) and Taiwan Yuhina (Yuhina brunneiceps) were two the most abundant species at low- and medium-and high- elevations, respectively. Black Bulbul, Muller's Barbet (Megalaima oorti), Himalayan Treepie (Dendrocitta formosae), Red-headed Babbler. (Stachyris ruficeps), and White-bellied Tree Babbler (Erpornis zantholeuca) demonstrated upward altitudinal migration in the fall and winter season, with the latter two probably recorded as a result of biased censused method. A total of 59 bird species and 3350 foraging events were collected during the study period. With those having more than 20 foraging events, we that six were herbivores, nine omnivores, and eight insectivores frugivore. In general, most species increased plant matters in the diets during the non-breeding season. In
particular, the Black Bulbul and Muller's Barbet were the most specialized forgiver of all. We observed 31 bird species that consumed the seeds or fruits of 113 species, 38 families, and nectar and pollen of 18 species, nine families. The Taiwan Yuhina is a specialized nectar-forager particularly in August. Plants species, that were consumed most often from low to high elevation, included Euphorbiaceae, Araliaceae, and Theaceae and Rosaceae, respectively. Estimation of fruit abundance of eaten plants of 72 species, 23 families, shows that noticeable higher fruit abundance occurred at the medium and high elevations in the non-breeding season, compared with that of low elevation, was associated with the upward migration of the three birds. However, the magnitude of upward migration was not substantial, which may be due to that a few birds forage fruits in undergrowth instead.

並列關鍵字

Altitudinal migration ； diet ； forest avifauna ； frugivorous ； Peitawushan

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