開發盤固拉草為毛木耳栽培基質之探討

Developing pangolagrass as substrate for cultivation of Auricularia polytricha（Mont.）Sacc.

宋俊毅(Chun-Yi Sung)

指導教授 ： 陳麗鈴

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/植物醫學系所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2015.00014

摘要

毛木耳（Auricularia polytricha (Mont.) Sacc.）屬木生性真菌，是亞洲地區第四大重要栽培菇蕈之一，也是臺灣重要的栽培菇蕈。臺灣木耳栽培主要基礎基質為木屑，而木屑來源因世界生態環保意識要求，減少森林林木砍伐而趨短缺，本研究目的在開發盤固拉草（Digitaria decumbens）以替代木屑為木耳栽培基質，期能降低對木屑的依賴，以維生態之永續。本研究主要探討毛木耳菌絲體在洋菜平板及盤固拉草基質之生長特性，及 盤固拉草基質之塑膠袋栽培毛木耳技術的開發與改良。將毛木耳菌株培養於不同平板培養基並測量其菌絲直線生長距離，結果顯示 YMDA 培養基生長最佳，最適條件為 28℃ 及 pH 5。毛木耳菌絲生長於盤固拉草堆肥比稻草堆肥及木屑基質為佳；製成盤固拉草堆肥透過營養料的添加測試了米糠及粉頭的含量比例，結果顯示毛木耳於盤固拉草堆肥 74%、米糠 15% 及粉頭 10% 的培養基質，其菌絲生長最快；使用此配方之基質培養毛木耳，子實體產量為 662.7g/ kg 基質亦最佳且生物轉換率 154.8% 為最高。利用此堆肥材料試驗不同開袋位置，以袋身上半部及下半部三處開口者，其產量及生物轉換率分別為646.8g/kg 及 184.8% 最高。比較盤固拉草堆肥與木屑基質不同混合比例對毛木耳產量影響，獲得單獨使用盤固拉草堆肥之平均產量及生物轉換率分別為 686.7g/kg 及 196.3%，比單獨用木屑基質的產量高出33%，其他混合比例的產量及生物轉換率都隨著盤固拉草堆肥含量減少而降低；為簡化堆肥製作僅將盤固拉草加水堆積不同天數後，於裝袋前混合米糠及粉頭以栽培毛木耳，獲得堆積 8 天者，產量與木屑基質之產量及生物轉換率無差異。添加5%醋酸溶液 (2M) 降低此種盤固拉草基質之酸鹼值至 pH5.4，其產菇量比無添加者高出 37%；將木耳生長於盤固拉草加水堆積軟化 8 天之材料調整含水率至 70% 時，獲得產量 667.1g/kg，生物轉換率 152.0% 為最高。將子實體送本校檢驗中心檢測以盤固拉草堆肥栽培之毛木耳子實體之鉛與鎘含量，結果均低於儀器所能偵測之值 (＜ 0.01ppm)，遠低於衛生署公佈之 3ppm 及 2ppm 限量標準值。綜合試驗所得，盤固拉草可代替木屑成為栽培木耳之基礎基質材料，除菇體無重金屬殘留外並可達到增加產量又兼具環保。

關鍵字

毛木耳 ； 盤固拉草 ； 菇蕈栽培基質

並列摘要

Wood ear fungus (Auricularia polytricha (Mont.) Sacc.) which usually grows on wood base substrate, is one of the fourth most important cultivated mushroom in the Asia, and also an important cultivated mushroom in Taiwan. The common substrate for wood ear cultivation in Taiwan is sawdust. Availability of sawdust has been reduced due to cutback on lumbering for ecological conservation. This research is conducted to develop pangolagrass (Digitaria decumbens) as substitute for sawdust substrate for the production of A. polytricha fruiting body. The mycelial growth of A. polytricha was studied on agar plate and in test tube filled with substrate, and mushroom production of A. polytricha was conducted with bagged substrate. The test results showed that for the mycelial growth of A. polytricha the optimum temperature on PDA was 28℃and the optimum pH value of medium was 5. Yeast malt dextrose agar medium was suitable for mycelial growth of A. polytricha. Mycelial growth in Pangolagrass compost was better than both of sawdust and rice straw composts. Nutrients supplement study showed that pangolagrass compost containing 15% rice bran and 10% wheat middlings was the best for mycelial growth. At this ratio the mushroom yield of 662.7g per kg mixture with 154.8% of biological efficiency, was also the best among different formula. This formula of pangolagrass compost was used to mix with sawdust at different ratio for cultivation of A. polytricha. Results showed that the mushroom yield of the 100% pangolagrass compost was 686.7g/kg, a 31% increase of yield from that of 100% sawdust. Slitting the mushroom bag in V shape pattern and cut site at above to below to above of bag was the best yield (646.8g/kg) and biological efficiency (184.8%). To simplify the composting process, pangolagrass was wetted and piled up for various days and used to cultivate A. polytricha. Mushroom yield of pangolagrass taken from 8th-day piling was 484g/kg, not significantly different from the yield of sawdust substrate. When adding 5% (v:w) of 2M acetic acid to amend the pH value of 8-day piled pangolagrass, the mushroom yield was increased by 37% to 662.7g/kg. Tests of adjusting water content of the 8-day piled pangolagrass substrate for cultivation of A. polytricha, showed that the best for wood ear cultivation was 70%. The fruiting bodies harvested from pangolagrass composts were analysed to determine the concentrations of lead and cadmium metals. No such metals were detected (detection limit of the instrument was 0.01ppm). Results of this study show that pangolagrass is a suitable substrate as sawdust substitute, and that the mushroom of A. polytricha produced with pangolagrass is free from lead and cadmium metals.

並列關鍵字

Auricularia polytricha (Mont.) Sacc. ； mushroom cultivation ； pangolagrass (Digitaria decumbens) ； culture substrate

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