水稻強化節水灌溉效率分析

Efficiency Analysis of Rice Intensification Water - Saving Irrigation

邱琬容(Wan-Rong Ciou)

指導教授 ： 葉一隆

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/土木工程系所/碩士(2016年)

摘要

水稻強化栽培體系之操作模式可節省水資源並提高水稻產量，但此種操作模式之推廣存在地域性問題。本研究利用土壤不同水分張力情境探討水稻之灌溉水量，並於國立屏東科技大學之試驗區及嘉南農田水利會灌溉推廣中心進行田區進行實驗，探討漫灌與紋溝灌溉對水稻種植之需水量、農藝性狀及產量影響。
本研究在國立屏東科技大學試驗區以水稻在30 kPa、40 kPa、50 kPa、60 kPa、70 kPa、80 kPa等6種土壤水分張力條件下，進行灌溉調整試驗。試驗結果顯示，土壤水分張力在30 kPa之灌溉量比80 kPa多 2.963 %，但產量30 kPa比80 kPa多14.230 %。在嘉南農田水利會灌溉推廣中心之試驗區所進行的紋溝灌溉與漫灌之灌溉水量控制為土壤水分張力達40 kPa時再灌溉，每次灌溉水深為2 cm。而由試驗結果之農藝性狀綜合分析顯示，紋溝兩側之水稻之成長率、稔實率及稻穀重量皆較漫灌為佳，全區水稻產量比較結果顯示紋溝灌溉較漫灌多。

關鍵字

水稻強化栽培體系 ； 紋溝灌溉 ； 漫灌 ； 土壤水分張力 ； 農藝性狀

並列摘要

T The operation of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) can save water and increase rice yield, however, the promotion of SRI operation is exist regional issues. This study used different soil water tension to investigate water demand, rice agronomic traits and rice yield for both rill irrigation and flooding irrigation. The field tests were carried out at National Pingtung University of Science and Technology (NPUST) and Chia-Nan Irrigation Association Guidance Service Office (CNIAGSO).
At NPUST experiment site, soil water tensions had 6 conditions including 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 kPa to carry out irrigation adjustment test. The result shown the amounts of irrigation water was 2.963% more for soil water tension at 30 kPa than 80 kPa. But rice yield had 14.23% more at 30 kPa than at 80 kPa. The water irrigation for field tests at CNIAGSO were controlled at soil water tension reached 40 kPa both flooding irrigation and rill irrigation and each time the irrigation water was controlled at water depth 2 cm. Results from the comprehensive analysis of rice agronomic traits showed that the rice growth rate, rice grain, and rice weight at both sides of the ditch for rill irrigation had better than flooding irrigation. The comparison of rice yield at full site showed rice grain yield with rill irrigation was more than with the flooding irrigation.

並列關鍵字

The System of Rice Intensification ； Rill Irrigation ； Flooding Irrigation ； Soil Moisture Tension ； Agronomic Characteristics

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