交通事故是引發世界各國1-14歲內幼童死亡的主要原因,為降低道路意外造成的傷亡,有效使用汽車安全座椅達到嬰幼兒乘車安全,是必要之健康保護措施。台灣雖已針對嬰幼兒在交通載具上作立法規範,但實際現況可能不如預期。本研究旨在探討屏東地區零至四歲嬰幼兒家長,對汽車安全座椅的使用行為。研究期程為2016年3~5月,共回收294份。透過敘述性統計、相關分析與迴歸預測進行統計分析,結果顯示,家長教育程度、家庭月總收入、家庭子女數、家長使用安全帶的道路駕駛行為,皆與使用行為呈顯著相關。另外本研究自行編擬發展之健康信念量表,其中行為態度、主觀規範、自覺控制與家長的使用行為亦呈顯著相關,透過迴歸分析發現,其中以自覺控制最具預測力,主觀規範次之,行為態度則未達統計學上的顯著。此研究結果與計劃行為理論相符合,即家長健康行為主要是建立在對某特定事件或議題之信念。研究結果期能提供相關部門做為汽車安全座椅使用宣導之參考,並從建立家長正確之健康信念著手,特別是嬰幼兒階段之家長。
Traffic accident is the main cause of death to children between 1 to 14 years old around the globe. To reduce injuries to children on board, the use of car seat is a necessary measure to protect them from injured. In Taiwan, regulations on driving the infants and children have been enforced. However, the status quo may not be as expected. This study is to examine the behavior of using car seat by parents who have children aged between 0 to 4 years old in Pingtung area. Administered from March to May 2016, the survey questionnaires returned 294 copies. By the methods of descriptive statistics and regression analysis, the result shows that car seat using is high relative to parents’ education, family monthly income, number of children in the family and parents’ behavior of using seat belts. In addition, the Health Belief Scales specifically developed for this study also reveals that parents’ use of car seat strongly correlates with their attitudes toward behavioral, subjective norm and perceived control. By regression analysis, we found perceived control was the most predictive, following with subjective norms, but attitudes toward behavioral were not statistically significant. The result of this study is consistent with the theory of planned behavior, which means parents’ healthy behavior is based on their belief in particular event or issue. We hope this study can be a reference for the authorities to promote and advocate the use of car seat. We also expect it can help parents to start building health belief in using car seat, especially those who have infants.