甘比亞中游省婦女家禽產銷班企業化經營之研究

農業部門佔甘比亞國內生產毛額(GDP)的28%，約75%的勞動人口從事作物及畜牧生產等農業活動。其中婦女在農業發展中扮演重要角色，亦是提升地方經濟與生活品質的主力。本研究之目的即在於評估甘比亞中游省從事家禽生產以創造收入之婦女生產者的收入水準、訓練需求、問題及解決方案。總計9個從事家禽生產營利事業之婦女團體接受面對面的半結構式問卷訪談，依推廣人員的專業經驗進行判斷抽樣。本研究預定之受訪人數為150人，實際回收之有效問卷為128份(85%)。研究結果顯示，婦女實業家的年齡主要分佈於31～40歲(44.5%)及20～30歲(24.2%)，現有的問題包含生產及相關企業管理技巧等因素均影響著創造收入活動，超過半數的婦女團體指稱企業管理為其訓練需求。此外，研究結果亦顯示缺乏疫苗、死亡率、低價位、新城病等問題。結論可歸納出家禽產銷企業能夠創造收入，同時扮演著消除甘比亞鄉村貧窮的積極角色。此外，婦女團體需要培育能力如訓練、實地訪察、實地示範與會談。主要而言，土地、農業投入要素、信貸與儲蓄設施、金融服務及資訊傳播科技等資源的可及性可增進家禽產銷。生產面及商業管理技巧上的訓練來。另一方面，目標、市場、紀錄、盈虧會計、團體組織及生產管理均有助於婦女團體增加她們的生產力與收入。疫病、房舍、疫苗、新生雛雞成本及市場等問題，是獲利性家禽產銷所應重視的。同時，問題的適當解決方案是透過訓練來培育能力，以組織有效且具效率性的管理技巧來增進生產力及收入。故建議培育特別是生產技術上之能力，如疾病控管、農場衛生測量、餵飼公式化及企業管理技巧。

關鍵字

家禽生產；行銷；收入創造；婦女團體；甘比亞

並列摘要

The agricultural sector of The Gambia contributes 28% to GDP and 75% of the labor force are engaged in agricultural activities including crop and livestock production (Department of Agricultural Service, 2001). Women are playing an important role in agricultural development and primarily contributing to the local economy for better quality life. The objectives of this research are to assess the income, training needs, problems and solutions for women producers engaged in poultry production enterprise for income generating in Central River Region of The Gambia. Nine women groups engaged in poultry production enterprise were interviewed face-to-face using semi-structured questionnaire. The method was judgmental sampling based on professional experience of extension agents. The target sample were 150 and 128 (85%) of them responded. In terms of age distribution result shows that majority of the women groups were in the age group of 31-40 years (44.5%) and 20-30 years (24.2%). The results clearly indicate that women groups are engaged in poultry production and marketing for commercial reasons. This research found that there were existing problems like production and related business management skills as factors affecting income generating activity. The result shows that, more than 50% of the women groups indicate business management as training needs. Furthermore, the results show problems such as of lack of vaccine, mortality, and low price and Newcastle disease. I conclude that poultry production and marketing enterprise can generate income at the same time playing a meaningful role in poverty reduction of rural Gambia. In addition, women groups need capacity building like trainings, field visits, field demonstrations and meetings. Primarily, access to resources like land, agricultural inputs, credit and saving facilities, financial services and information and communication technology would enhance poultry production and marketing. On the one hand, technological and management aspect of targeting, market, record keeping, profit and loss accounting, and group formation and production management would help the women groups increase their productivity as well as income. The problem of diseases, housing, vaccines, cost of day-old chicks, and markets need to be addressed for a lucrative poultry production and marketing. Above all, the appropriate solution to the problems is capacity building by organizing effective and efficient management techniques to increase productivity and income through training. Therefore, recommending capacity building especially production technologies like control of diseases, farm sanitary measures, feed formulation, and business management skills.

並列關鍵字

poultry production ； marketing ； income generating ； women groups ； Gambia

參考文獻

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甘比亞中游省婦女家禽產銷班企業化經營之研究

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