對養殖漁業現階段競爭力之提升及長期永續發展之策略擬訂

Strategy of aquaculture industry competitive ability enhancement of present stage and also for it's sustainable development

楊鈞軸(Chun Chou Yang)

指導教授 ： 孫寧

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/水產養殖系所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2010.00156

摘要

近年來由於養殖環境惡化、養殖業超抽地下水引起沿海地層下陷以及產業經營日益困難等原因，影響養殖產業之永續發展。對現階段如何提升產業之競爭力及對產業應未來如何發展為必需之研究。本研究根據文獻資料及問卷結果來探討現階段政府應如何輔導產業而業者應如何配合以改善目前之困境以提升產業現階段之競爭力；同時並探討應如何減少養殖面積及施行其他措施以停止沿海地層下陷問題使產業能永續發展。研究問卷訪談由2008年8月至10月，對象為台灣養殖界(產官學三者)，共計95份。問卷結果經統計分析及信度、效度分析，並由文獻、訪談者建議等資料來詮釋此結果。研究結果顯示，目前養殖界對產業經營危機及環境惡化、產量過剩均有共識，而業者因應環境惡化之方式為以藥物控制為主，此情形遠較官、學兩者之瞭解為嚴重。對於現階段應如何提升產業競爭力方面，本研究建議政府應將養殖生產區內、外均納入輔導，並強化對產品之檢驗及對走私漁貨之查緝，及建立不良養殖場淘汰機制，並訓練業者副業以降低業者對產業之依存度，以利降低放養密度及改善養殖環境及產量過剩等問題，以提升現階段之產業之競爭力。對於養殖業長期永續發展之規劃，由問卷之結果可知，養殖界產、官、學三者對產業規模之調整均有共識，支持此項看法者分別為69.4%、75%及84.6%；而對政府有適當之補助及離養業者第二專長訓練，而有考慮離養意願之業者亦達66.1%。根據問卷及文獻探討結果共同研判，本研究提出建立高階任務團隊以擬定離養政策，以及重新擬定養殖政策等具體策略，以期能一舉達成減緩沿海地層下陷同時能使養殖業永續經營。本研究之結果及建議供政府有關單位及養殖界產官學者參考。

關鍵字

水產養殖業 ； 環境惡化 ； 地層下陷 ； 提升競爭力 ； 離養補償措施 ； 永續經營

並列摘要

Aquaculture management in Taiwan becomes more difficult now than before due to environmental deterioration, coastal subsidence, and lacking of competitive ability of this industry, thus influence it’s sustainability. To study how the fisheries authorities should do to assist and guide fish farmers, and how the farmers should do to cooperate with the government, together to improve the industry’s competitiveness of the present time, and also for its sustainable development is necessary. Based on collected documents and questionnaires results, we studied for these purposes. Questionnaires were performed between August and October of 2008, persons which we interviewed included all members (farmers, scholars and researchers, and officials) of this industry. There were 95 effective questionnaires. After statistical analyses of the questionnaires, the results were interpreted by reviewed literatures as well as the interviewees’ suggestions. Results revealed that the whole industry fully recognized that the aquaculture environment is becoming worse, and management of this industry become more and more difficult. The farmers were found using chemicals to control the deteriorated culture environment, and the situation is far beyond the recognition of the other two groups. Results revealed that to promote this industry’s competitive ability at the present stage, the fisheries authorities is necessary to assisted and guided, the whole industry, not only the smaller part that located inside the aquaculture districts. The examination of products hygienic condition and the stopping of smuggled fishculture products to seep into Taiwan from China should be strengthened. The mechanism for repelling of fish farmers with poor products should be established. The measures that encourage farmers to reduce stocking density s to increase product quality, and decrease disease problems as well as decline production should also be applied. For a long term sustainable development of this industry, the area of aquaculture should be reduced first. The approval rates of the three group of the aquaculture industry who shared this viewpoint were 69.4%, 75%, and 84.6%, respectively, based on the interviewed results. As to the willingness of farmers who would like to or considered to leave fishculture business to accept compensation and secondary job training were 66.1%. Based on the combination of literature review and questionnaire studies, this study suggest that a high rank mission team should be organized to design a “Compensation Plan for Abandonment of Aquaculture Business” and a practical aquaculture development policy should be established to replace the old one. Follow the above suggestions both the substantially diminishment of coastal subsidence development problem and a sustainable aquaculture industry can be obtained. The study results and suggestions of this study can be a valuable reference to government and aquaculture industry of Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Aquaculture industry ； Environmental deterioration ； Land subsidence ； Competitive ability enhancement ； Compensation Plan for Abandonment of Aquaculture Business ； Sustainable management

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