溪流中雄性尼羅口孵魚之卵黃前質基因表現與內分泌干擾物質之流佈探討

The distribution of endocrine disrupting chemicals and vitellogenin expression of male Oreochromis niloticus in river

郭旭芩(Hsu-Chin Kuo)

指導教授 ： 謝季吟

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/環境工程與科學系所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2014.00039

摘要

許多研究指出內分泌干擾物質常分佈於河流環境中。然而，鮮少提及有關台灣河流中雌激素化學物質會誘導出雄魚體之卵黃前質 (VTG)之研究。本研究目的為探討內分泌干擾化學物質之濃度：從台灣南部溪流進行污水處理廠的上游(A站)、污水處理廠放流水 (B站)，從污水處理廠放流水與溪流交匯後100公尺處(C站)及污水處理廠下游 (D站)中之雌酮 (E1)、雌二醇(E2)、雌三醇(E3)、乙炔基雌二醇(EE2)、己烯雌酚(DES)、壬基苯酚(NP)、辛基苯酚(OP)及雙酚A (BPA)的濃度測定。此外，也利用反轉錄聚合酶鏈反應 (RT-PCR)進行溪流中雄性尼羅口孵魚之VTG表現測定。研究結果顯示，從污水處理廠上游至下游四個測站中發現雄性尼羅口孵魚VTG呈陽性反應分別為26％ (n=31)、0％ (n=21)、6％ (n=17)及50％ (n=22)。污水處理廠上游及下游處之兩測站水體樣品的平均濃度分別為5.04 ± 3.79與4.60 ± 1.87 (E1)、41.3 ± 49.3與18.7 ± 29.1 (NP)、3.22 ± 1.30與7.83 ± 10.3 (OP)、5.04 ± 3.79與12.9 ± 24.2 (BPA) ng/L。推論溪流可能接受到工業廢水或當地蔬果市場之污水的排放，使得此兩站被檢出較多化合物濃度。B站僅檢出NP及BPA兩種化合物，其平均濃度分別為7.05 ± 10.3與3.88 ± 2.47 ng/L。C站也同樣檢測出26.1 ± 65.4 (NP)及4.53 ±3.00 (BPA)之濃度，另外還檢出4.04 ± 2.90 (OP) ng/L。本研究在四個測站的水體均未檢測出雌二醇(E2)、雌三醇(E3)、乙炔基雌二醇 (EE2)、己烯雌酚(DES)之濃度。
本研究結果證實，在溪流中檢出率高的內分泌干擾物質與採集之雄魚卵黃前質呈陽性反應有類似趨勢。結果顯示當魚體曝露在水體低濃度烷基酚類混合化學物質可能為相對之雌激素活性之來源。因此，常見物種的卵黃前質生成可以成為評斷環境中內分泌干擾物質效應的生物標記。

關鍵字

尼羅口孵魚 ； 卵黃前質 ； 內分泌干擾物質 ； 雌激素類化合物 ； 烷基酚類

並列摘要

The distributions of endocrine disruptors were conducted in the riverine environment in many reports. However, little is known about the induction of vitellogenin in male fish by estrogenic chemicals in Taiwan’s river. This study aimed to determine the concentrations of endocrine disrupting chemicals: estrone(E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), diethylstilbestrol (DES), nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP) and bisphenol-A (BPA) in upstream of wastewater treatment plant (site A), wastewater treatment plant effluent (site B), 0.1 km from the outfall of the wastewater treatment plant (site C) and downstream of the wastewater treatment plant (site D) of the river in Southern Taiwan. In addition, vitellogenin expression of the male Oreochromis niloticus using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) system have also investigated. The result indicated the elevated VTG response shown in the four sampling sites along the river were 26% (n=31), 0% (n=21), 6% (n=17) and 50% (n=22) from upstream to downstream, respectively. The average concentrations in samples collected, from sites upstream and downstream of WWTP, were 5.04 ± 3.79 and 4.60 ± 1.87 (E1), 41.3±49.3 and 18.7±29.1 (NP), 3.22±1.30 and 7.83 ± 10.3 (OP) and 5.04±3.79 and 12.9 ± 24.2 (BPA) ng/L, respectively. More compounds were detected than the other two sampling sites may related to the industrial and locally farmers’ markets wastewater discharged. Only two of the eight compounds, NP and BPA, were detected in site B and the average concentrations were 7.05 ± 10.3 and 3.88 ± 2.47 ng/L. These compounds were also detected in site C with the concentrations of 26.1± 65.4(NP), and 4.53±3.00 (BPA) and in addition, 4.04±2.90 (OP) ng/L. Compounds 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), estriol(E3), diethylstilbestrol (DES) were not detected from samples at various sampling sites during the sampling events.
Our results demonstrated a parallel pattern that higher detecting frequency of the endocrine disruptors to the VTG production in male fish collected. The results indicated the possibility of that these chemicals probably account for the estrogenic activity in this river while the fish exposed in the low concentrations of alkylphenolic mixture. Therefore, the vitellogenesis of common species can be a useful biomarker to evaluate the impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals in the environment.

並列關鍵字

Oreochromis niloticus ； Vitellogenin ； Endocrine disruptors ； Estrogenic Compounds ； Alkylphenols

參考文獻

USEPA, 1982, “Integrated risk information system of bisphenol A”, CASRN 80-05-7

吳孟純，2012，污水處理廠去除個人防護用品及放流水質對承受水體之評估探討，碩士論文，國立屏東科技大學，環境工程與科學系，屏東。

陳至昂，2010，人工溼地內分泌干擾物質之分佈及生態風險之研究，碩士論文，國立屏東科技大學，環境工程與科學系，屏東。

Abdel-Tawwab, M., M. A. Mousa, M. H. Ahmad and S. F. Sakr, 2007, “The use of calcium pre-exposure as a protective agent against environmental copper toxicity for juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus,” Aquaculture, Vol.264, No.1, pp.236-246.

Ademollo, N., F. Ferrara, M. Delise, F. Fabietti and E. Funari, 2008, “Nonylphenol and octylphenol in human breast milk,” Environment International, Vol.34, No. 7, pp.984-987.