技藝競賽選手涉入程度、學習動機對學習成效影響之研究 -以高中職商業類科餐旅群為例

A Study of Skill Competitor’ Involvement, Learning Motivation and Learning Effectiveness— A Case of Textual Skill Processing for High School

許良仲(Liang-Chung Hsu)

指導教授 ： 朱瑞淵

朝陽科技大學/管理學院/休閒事業管理系/碩士(2010年)

摘要

本研究主要在探討技藝競賽選手的涉入程度、學習動機，對參與技藝競賽訓練與比賽後的學習成效之影響。並以參與96~98年度全國高級中學商業類科餐旅群技藝競賽選手為研究對象，進行問卷調查。
本研究共發出260份問卷，結果共回收240份有效問卷，研究結果顯示：本研究受訪者之背景，父、母親職業分別以技術性與半技術性較多；家庭型態以核心家庭最多。參與技藝競賽年度以98年為最多，選手在男女生人數相近；學業成績在80（含）分以上較多；學校屬性以私立學校及學制是高職學校較多；參與競賽職種以餐服為最多；參與競賽選手以正選手居多。
此外，參與技藝競賽選手多數參加過其他相關競賽，每天訓練時間超過4小時以上，參與訓練時間大多在半年以內，所投入的費用在5000元內，大多沒有在學校以外的地方受過訓練，參加技藝競賽結果大多有得獎。參與技藝競賽選手在涉入程度具有高程度的認同，以「自我表現」與「吸引力」皆最高而「中心性」最低；在學習動機具有中高程度的認同，以「求知興趣」最高而「逃避或刺激」最低；在學習成效具有高程度的認同，以「技能」為最高而「學習滿意」較低。
研究結果經廻歸分析發現，技藝競賽選手之涉入程度與學習動機對學習成效具有顯著影響，兩者對學習成效都具有顯著正向影響，其中又以涉入程度的影響程度較高。若由構面做進一步之分析，則發現涉入程度傾向「重要性」及「中心性」及學習動機「求知興趣」、「逃避或刺激」及「社交關係」，其在學習成效方面也亦有顯著影響。參與餐旅群技藝競賽不同背景選手在涉入程度方面會受到性別及參賽職種的影響；在學習動機方面會受到性別、學業成績、參賽職種、參加其他競賽、每天訓練時間及參加成績的影響；在學習成效方面會受到參賽職種、投入的費用的影響。
因此建議教育單位在擬定餐旅相關課程及比賽獎勵時，不應只是重視學生升學課程規劃及技優推薦部分，也應重視學業成績不佳但對餐旅專業技術具有高度熱忱之學生，能設計使這群學生發揮長才的相關課程。

關鍵字

學習成效 ； 學習動機 ； 技藝競賽 ； 涉入程度

並列摘要

The study mainly discusses how involvement and learning motivation influence learning efficiency of contestants during Skill Contest training and after the Contest. It also takes Restaurant & Hotel contestants (from 2007 to 2009) in Commercial high School as an object of study. We take convenience sampling as a method to do questionnaire survey.
Issuing 260 questionnaires, we recycle 240 valid ones in the end. The result shows that the interviewers’ backgrounds— parental occupations are mostly technical and semi-technical and in family formation—mostly nuclear family. Also in 2009, the number of contestants is the largest and the number between men and women is close. Most contestants are from private vocational high school, who have B+ or above in their academic performance. Among the contestants, most attend contest of service skill in tourism and hospitality and most are major attendants.
Moreover, most contestants have attended other relative competitions. They have received more than 4-hour training everyday in half a year. The training fee is about NTD 5,000 and most contestants are trained in school and get the award in the end. With higher involvement, contestants achieve higher self-performance and attraction, while the centrality, lower. Furthermore, in learning motivation, contestants with higher cognitive interest get high-intermediate identification; however, they will perform badly in “Avoidance & Stimulus.” In learning efficiency, contestants will get better identification in “Skills” and worse in “Learning Satisfaction.”
According to Regression Analysis, the experimental result shows that the involvement and learning motivation of contestants have a remarkable influence toward learning efficiency. Both have upright influence toward learning efficiency, and involvement has greater influence. Besides, if making a further analysis by “aspect,” we find that involvement tends to “Importance” and “Centrality”, and that the learning motivation tends to “Cognitive” and “Avoidance or Stimulus.” If contestants have better performance in their social relationship, they will also have considerable effect in learning effect.
First of all, contestants with different backgrounds will be affected by “Gender” and “Contest Category” in involvement. Secondly, in learning motivation, they will be affected by “Gender,” “Academic Performance,” “Contest Category,” “Attending other contests,” “Training time per day,” and “Contest grades.” Finally, “Contest Category” and “Invested expenses” will influence students’ learning efficiency.
As a result, we suggest that when drawing up courses relating to Restaurant & Hotel and contest reward, each educational institution should not only focus on students’ academic performance and on those who are recommended by excellent technical skills, but also pay attention to students with lower academic achievement but with higher enthusiasm toward professional Restaurant & Hotel Technical skills. We hope that the courses could be designed to help these students to exert their intelligence and develop their abilities.

並列關鍵字

Learning Motivation ； Skill Contest ； Involvement ； Learning Efficiency

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